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2.2 The Components and Formation of Attitude课程教案、知识点、字幕

大家好

这次课让我们来聊一聊

态度的构成成份及形成

在进入本次课之前

先让我们来 想一想

某公司规定 厂区内禁止吸烟

并派专人在厂区内巡逻

一经发现立即罚款100元

但实际效果却差强人意

员工吸烟现象屡禁不止

在禁烟问题上

员工与管理层的关系变得十分紧张

请大家思考一下

从态度形成的角度

你能够为公司禁烟提出合理化的建议吗

请带着你的思考 进入本次课程

态度由哪些成分构成呢

态度是具有一定内在心理结构的

一个复杂的综合体

由认知 情感和行为倾向

三种心理成分构成

认知成分

是指个体对态度对象的认识 理解和评价

情感成分

是指个体对态度对象的

喜爱或厌恶的情感体验

行为倾向成分

是指个体对态度对象的反应倾向

为更好地理解态度这三种成分

我给大家举一个例子

假如说我们给一对青年男女介绍对象

在他们相互见面之后 作为介绍人

我们肯定特别关心双方的态度

我们就会分别找男孩和女孩问一问

到底怎么样

你要给我表个态

这个时候

她可能会用这么一句话去表明她的态度

他很不错 我很喜欢他

我准备继续和他约会

大家看 在这句话里面

就恰好包含了态度的三种成分

他很不错

这是一种什么成分

这是认知成分

我很喜欢他

这是一种什么成分

这是情感成分

我准备明天继续和他交往

这是一种什么成分

这是行为倾向

可以看出

态度是由认知 情感和认知倾向

三种成分构成的

在现实管理工作中

我们经常需要对一些事情表明我们的态度

一个完整的态度 必须要清晰表明

你对这个事情的认知 情感和行为倾向

但是我们很多人表达态度时

往往是很含糊的

他可能只表明了他对这个事情的一种认知

并没有表明他的情感以及他的行为倾向

或者说

他仅仅只表明了他的情感或者行为倾向

却没有表明他的认知成分

这其实都是态度含糊的一种表现

是没有完整的去表达他的真实态度

那么 在这三种成分中

哪一种成分是最核心的成分呢

以刚才的例子来说

作为介绍人 我们最关心是哪句话

我们最关心的是 你到底喜不喜欢他

只要你喜欢他

至于他是好人还是坏人

可能并不重要了 只要你喜欢他

你肯定会继续同他约会

湖南电视台有一档节目

叫做《寻情记》

相信很多人都有看过这个节目

大家是否注意到

节目主持人在调解男女双方

当事人情感矛盾的时候

问得最多的一句话是什么

你到底喜不喜欢他

为什么主持人会反复问这句话

因为情感成分是态度最核心的成分

只要你喜欢他

那么两人之间的矛盾是可以去调解的

这给我们管理工作带来怎样的启示

我们要去改变或者影响一个人的态度

应该要从什么地方入手

一定要从情感成分入手

但是在现实中

很多人往往是想去改变别人的认知

或者是行为

这样做的效果往往是很差的

我们必须要知道

态度的核心成分是情感成分

我们改变一个人的态度

必须要从情感入手

态度的形成可以分为哪几个阶段呢

美国社会心理学家凯尔曼认为存在三个阶段

1 服从阶段

是指个体为了满足自己的需求或者逃避惩罚

而表现出来的表面上顺从

比如说 一个年轻的员工刚刚进入公司时

面对着公司的各种规章制度

他往往会从表面上表现出遵守和服从

2 同化阶段

是指个体自愿接受外界观念

使自己的态度与他人的态度保持一致

当一个年轻的员工在经过职业培训

与工作经历之后

他会认识到公司规章制度的重要性

他开始认同并遵守公司纪律

3 内化阶段

内化阶段是指个体从内心深处接受

并相信他人观点

彻底转变为自己的态度

当一个年轻的员工

将他本职工作当做自己的信仰

并为之努力奋斗时

遵规守纪已经内化成为

员工态度体系里面最重要组成部分

现在

让我们回到课程开始前的 想一想

首先

公司规定 厂区内禁止吸烟

当员工意识到违反规定会被罚款时候

他会表现出被迫服从的态度

但这种态度并非心甘情愿的

如果公司监督不力

他极有可能终止这种服从的行为

因此 公司在提高监督力度的同时

应该加强吸烟危害的宣传教育

让员工认识到吸烟可能带来火灾隐患

也有可能影响身体健康

慢慢认同公司禁止吸烟的规定

并形成一种被同化了的态度

进一步

公司可以通过奖励无烟车间等等方式

将禁烟规定内化到员工的态度之中

即便是员工到了其他没有规定禁烟的地方

他也仍然会遵守这一行为准则

学以致用 在这次课程结束之前

我给大家留下一个思考题

请大家 用一用

王经理是一家公司的总经理

由于公司业务发展的需要

需要任命一名部门负责人

王经理在选人时

心中产生了矛盾

他明知在两个候选人中

小李无论是管理水平

还是业务能力都比小刘要好

但是小李心直口快

甚至有一次还让他下不了台

从感情上来讲 他不喜欢小李

因此他又倾向于任命小刘

请大家运用态度相关理论

解释下王经理产生矛盾态度的原因

并清大家提出一个合理的解决方法

关于思考题的答案

请关注课程的互动讨论区

我们将与大家一起讨论

并给出我们的观点

好 这次课就到这里 下次课见

Five Disciplines of Management Quality and Ability —— Follow Me to Learn Management课程列表:

Course Introduction: Understanding Management and Management Science

-0.1 What is Management: The Secret of Management is to Borrow Resources

--0.1 What is Management: The Secret of Management is to Borrow Resources

--0.1 What is Management: The Secret of Management is to Borrow Resources

--0.1 What is Management: The Secret of Management is to Borrow Resources

-0.2 Natural Attribute and Social Attribute of Management

--0.2 Natural Attribute and Social Attribute of Management

--0.2 Natural Attribute and Social Attribute of Management

--0.2 Natural Attribute and Social Attribute of Management

-0.3 The Scientificity and Artistry of Management

--0.3 The Scientificity and Artistry of Management

--0.3 The Scientificity and Artistry of Management

--0.3 The Scientificity and Artistry of Management

-0.4 Management Functions, Skills and Roles

--0.4 Management Functions, Skills and Roles

--0.4 Management Functions, Skills and Roles

--0.4 Management Functions, Skills and Roles

-0.5 Case Study: Personal Excellence Doesn’t Mean Much

--0.5 Case Study: Personal Excellence Doesn’t Mean Much

--0.5 Case Study: Personal Excellence Doesn’t Mean Much

--0.5 Case Study: Personal Excellence Doesn’t Mean Much

-0.6 Centennial Management Context (Ⅰ)

--0.6 Centennial Management Context (Ⅰ)

--0.6 Centennial Management Context (Ⅰ)

--0.6 Centennial Management Context (Ⅰ)

-0.7 Centennial Management Context (Ⅱ)

--0.7 Centennial Management Context (Ⅱ)

--0.7 Centennial Management Context (Ⅱ)

--0.7 Centennial Management Context (Ⅱ)

-0.8 Case Study: Management Enlightenment of Journey to the West Team

--0.8 Case Study: Management Enlightenment of Journey to the West Team

--0.8 Case Study: Management Enlightenment of Journey to the West Team

--0.8 Case Study: Management Enlightenment of Journey to the West Team

-Course Introduction Unit Test

The First Discipline: Situation Judgement, Scientific Decision-making

-1.1 Insight into the General Trend of the Environment (Ⅰ): PEST Method

--1.1 Insight into the General Trend of the Environment (Ⅰ): PEST Method

--1.1 Insight into the General Trend of the Environment (Ⅰ): PEST Method

--1.1 Insight into the General Trend of the Environment (Ⅰ): PEST Method

-1.2 Insight into the General trend of the Environment (Ⅱ): Porter’s Five Forces Model

--1.2 Insight into the General trend of the Environment (Ⅱ): Porter’s Five Forces Model

--1.2 Insight into the General trend of the Environment (Ⅱ): Porter’s Five Forces Model

--1.2 Insight into the General trend of the Environment (Ⅱ): Porter’s Five Forces Model

-1.3 Case Study: How McDonald’s Entered Chinese Market

--1.3 Case Study: How McDonald’s Entered Chinese Market

--1.3 Case Study: How McDonald’s Entered Chinese Market

--1.3 Case Study: How McDonald’s Entered Chinese Market

-1.4 Strategic Decision Analysis Tools: SWOT Analysis and BCG Matrix

--1.4 Strategic Decision Analysis Tools: SWOT Analysis and BCG Matrix

--1.4 Strategic Decision Analysis Tools: SWOT Analysis and BCG Matrix

--1.4 Strategic Decision Analysis Tools: SWOT Analysis and BCG Matrix

-1.5 Group Decision-making Tools and Methods: Delphi Method and Brainstorming Method

--1.5 Group Decision-making Tools and Methods: Delphi Method and Brainstorming Method

--1.5 Group Decision-making Tools and Methods: Delphi Method and Brainstorming Method

--1.5 Group Decision-making Tools and Methods: Delphi Method and Brainstorming Method

-The First Unit Test

The Second Discipline: Positive Attitude, Efficient Execution

-2.1 Attitude Determines Everything

--2.1 Attitude Determines Everything

--2.1 Attitude Determines Everything

--2.1 Attitude Determines Everything

-2.2 The Components and Formation of Attitude

--2.2 The Components and Formation of Attitude

--2.2 The Components and Formation of Attitude

--2.2 The Components and Formation of Attitude

-2.3 How to Change the Attitude of Employees

--2.3 How to Change the Attitude of Employees

--2.3 How to Change the Attitude of Employees

--2.3 How to Change the Attitude of Employees

-2.4 Responsibility and Efficient Execution

--2.4 Responsibility and Efficient Execution

--2.4 Responsibility and Efficient Execution

--2.4 Responsibility and Efficient Execution

-2.5 Ethics and Core Values

--2.5 Ethics and Core Values

--2.5 Ethics and Core Values

--2.5 Ethics and Core Values

-The Second Unit Test

The Third Discipline: Efficient Organization, Excellent Culture

-3.1 Basic Issues in Organization

--3.1 Basic Issues in Organization

--3.1 Basic Issues in Organization

--3.1 Basic Issues in Organization

-3.2 How to Establish an Effective Organizational Structure (Ⅰ)

--3.2 How to Establish an Effective Organizational Structure (Ⅰ)

--3.2 How to Establish an Effective Organizational Structure (Ⅰ)

--3.2 How to Establish an Effective Organizational Structure (Ⅰ)

-3.3 How to Establish an Effective Organizational Structure (Ⅱ)

--3.3 How to Establish an Effective Organizational Structure (Ⅱ)

--3.3 How to Establish an Effective Organizational Structure (Ⅱ)

--3.3 How to Establish an Effective Organizational Structure (Ⅱ)

-3.4 Case Study: The Responsibility of the Sales Department

--3.4 Case Study: The Responsibility of the Sales Department

--3.4 Case Study: The Responsibility of the Sales Department

--3.4 Case Study: The Responsibility of the Sales Department

-3.5 Effective Communication Skills

--3.5 Effective Communication Skills

--3.5 Effective Communication Skills

--3.5 Effective Communication Skills

-3.6 Organizational Cultural Function and Content

--3.6 Organizational Cultural Function and Content

--3.6 Organizational Cultural Function and Content

--3.6 Organizational Cultural Function and Content

-3.7 Case Study: Resignation (Ⅰ)

--3.7 Case Study: Resignation (Ⅰ)

--3.7 Case Study: Resignation (Ⅰ)

--3.7 Case Study: Resignation (Ⅰ)

-3.8 Case Study: Resignation (Ⅱ)

--3.8 Case Study: Resignation (Ⅱ)

--3.8 Case Study: Resignation (Ⅱ)

--3.8 Case Study: Resignation (Ⅱ)

-The Third Discipline Unit Test

The Fourth Discipline: Staffing, Effective Motivation

-4.1 How to Recruit Good Staff

--4.1 How to Recruit Good Staff

--4.1 How to Recruit Good Staff

--4.1 How to Recruit Good Staff

-4.2 Motivate Employees’ Work Potential

--4.2 Motivate Employees’ Work Potential

--4.2 Motivate Employees’ Work Potential

--4.2 Motivate Employees’ Work Potential

-4.3 Content-based Incentive Theory (Ⅰ): Hierarchical Theory and ERG theory

--4.3 Content-based Incentive Theory (Ⅰ): Hierarchical Theory and ERG theory

--4.3 Content-based Incentive Theory (Ⅰ): Hierarchical Theory and ERG theory

--4.3 Content-based Incentive Theory (Ⅰ): Hierarchical Theory and ERG theory

-4.4 Content-based Incentive Theory (Ⅱ): Motivator-Hygiene Theory

--4.4 Content-based Incentive Theory (Ⅱ): Motivator-Hygiene Theory

--4.4 Content-based Incentive Theory (Ⅱ): Motivator-Hygiene Theory

--4.4 Content-based Incentive Theory (Ⅱ): Motivator-Hygiene Theory

-4.5 Process-based Incentive theory: Expectation Theory and Fairness Theory

--4.5 Process-based Incentive theory: Expectation Theory and Fairness Theory

--4.5 Process-based Incentive theory: Expectation Theory and Fairness Theory

--4.5 Process-based Incentive theory: Expectation Theory and Fairness Theory

-4.6 Behavioral Transformation Incentive Theory: Reinforcement Theory

--4.6 Behavioral Transformation Incentive Theory: Reinforcement Theory

--4.6 Behavioral Transformation Incentive Theory: Reinforcement Theory

--4.6 Behavioral Transformation Incentive Theory: Reinforcement Theory

-The Fourth Unit Test

The Fifth Discipline: Outstanding Leadership, Reform and Innovation

-5.1 The Essence and Tasks of Effective Leaders

--5.1 The Essence and Tasks of Effective Leaders

--5.1 The Essence and Tasks of Effective Leaders

--5.1 The Essence and Tasks of Effective Leaders

-5.2 Trait Theory of Leadership

--5.2 Trait Theory of Leadership

--5.2 Trait Theory of Leadership

--5.2 Trait Theory of Leadership

-5.3 Leadership Behavior Theory

--5.3 Leadership Behavior Theory

--5.3 Leadership Behavior Theory

--5.3 Leadership Behavior Theory

-5.4 Leadership Situation Theory

--5.4 Leadership Situation Theory

--5.4 Leadership Situation Theory

--5.4 Leadership Situation Theory

-5.5 Innovation and Entrepreneurship

--5.5 Innovation and Entrepreneurship

--5.5 Innovation and Entrepreneurship

--5.5 Innovation and Entrepreneurship

-5.6 Two New Trends of Innovation

--5.6 Two New Trends of Innovation

--5.6 Two New Trends of Innovation

--5.6 Two New Trends of Innovation

-The Fifth Unit Test

Final Exam

-Final Exam

2.2 The Components and Formation of Attitude笔记与讨论

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