2.1.1 Statistical investigation: the sharp edge of mining raw ore 统计调查：挖掘原矿的利刃在线视频

姐姐 妈妈咋还没回来
Sister, why hasn’t mom come back yet?

这个星期妈妈回来的越来越晚了
The time mom came back has continued getting later this week.

可能是因为交通拥堵的原因呢
Probably because of the traffic jam,

这是由于地铁修建影响的吧
caused by subway construction project.

我前两天听到妈妈向爸爸抱怨
I heard mom complaining about

回家路上糟糕的交通状况呢
the traffic to dad the other day.

难道妈妈下班回家的每条路
Is every route on mom’s way home

都受到修地铁改道的影响吗
affected by the subway construction project?

对呀 有几条路可以选择呢
No, there must be other alternatives.

我们俩可以帮妈妈去了解一下
Maybe we can investigate for mom

在下班晚高峰期间
the traffic condition on different routes

这几条路的车辆通行情况
during the evening peak hour.

好的呀 但是...
Good idea. But …

但是我们俩怎么去了解呢
how to investigate?

我也还没想好
I have no idea, either.

要不我们去问问爸爸吧
Why don’t we go ask dad?

爸爸 爸爸 我和二妞想帮助妈妈
Dad, dad, we are trying to help mom

找到更短回家的路呀
find the most efficient route home after work.

我们应该怎么去搜集数据呢
How can we collect data?

你们是想通过自己搜集调查
Do you want to collect the data through surveys and investigations,

还是使用电台的播报数据啊
or to borrow the data from the radio broadcast?

你们两个小家伙
You two kids,

有没有搞清楚路况调查中的‘车辆’
have you decided on what kind of “vehicle”

指的是什么车
you want to include in this traffic investigation?

电动车和摩托车你们要不要考虑进去啊
Have you taken motorcycle and electric motorcycle into consideration?

下班晚高峰你们调查哪个时间段呢
And which time range of the evening peak hour do you plan to investigate?

现在我们开始讲第二章《统计调查》
Ok, now we are going to move to the second chapter, “Statistic survey”

大妞二妞都在焦急地等着妈妈下班回来
The two girls are anxiously waiting for their mom to come home from work.

妈妈下班的时候遇到了高峰期
But their mom is stuck in the evening peak hour,

在路上要堵多少时间 她自己也不清楚
in a heavy traffic jam that no one knows when it could end.

大妞二妞想
So the two girls think about

对这个事情进行了解分析
investigating and analyzing the traffic situation.

她首先必须要搜集到一定的统计资料
First of all, they need to collect sufficient Statistical information.

要搜集统计资料
The collection of Statistical information

就牵扯到统计调查方法
depends on methods of statistic survey,

统计（调查）的组织形式
organizing forms of statistic（survey）,

统计（调查）的方案设计等等内容
the scheme design of statistic (survey) and other elements.

那现在我们就开始讲统计调查
Let us start with statistic survey.

统计调查
statistic survey

就是统计资料的搜集工作过程
refers to the process to collect statistical information.

它首先搜集的资料呢
The data it collects

是有两部分
is divided into two types.

一部分是原始资料
One is original data

一部分是次级资料
and the other is secondary data.

原始资料是统计调查
Original data is collected from direct sources

直接搜集到的资料
in statistic survey.

这里的信息量要比次级资料多
It contains a larger amount of information than secondary data.

次级资料是
Secondary data is

通过别人搜集来的
available from the data collected by others,

发布在统计年鉴
Such as those published in Statistics Yearbook

统计网站上的一些资料
and on statistics websites.

是自己对人家搜集的资料
It involves regrouping, reorganizing and reanalyzing

进行重新的分组 整理 再分析
the data collected by others.

不管是统计原始资料
Both original data

统计次级资料
and secondary data

我们都要求统计资料要满足
are supposed to meet the standard of being

一 全面
firstly, comprehensive,

二 要及时
secondly, timely,

三 要准确
and thirdly, accurate.

全面的话就是资料不要残缺
Being comprehensive means the data is not incomplete,

不要自己去假设推断
or based on personal assumption.

这里面刚好有一个（例子）
There happens to be an (example).

媒体上讲的比较多的
The media often uses the term

就是 据不完全统计
“according to incomplete statistics”.

其实我们的统计
In fact, the statistics referred here

都属于完全统计
requires the data to be complete.

只要出现了统计两个字
As far as statistics is concerned,

都属于完全统计
the data collection must be complete.

没有不完全统计
There is no incomplete statistics.

及时性呢 指的是
Being timely means

资料要能够为决策
the data collected should be of real-time help

为生产 生活及时服务
for decision-making, production, and life.

真实性是资料
Being accurate means the data

能够反映总体的真实情况
should represent the real situation of population,

能够反映总体的原貌 特征
and the appearance and features of population.

它是统计存在的生命线
It is the lifeline of statistic.

这三点全部做到 当然更好
Of course, it will be best if all three criteria can be met.

如果不行
If not,

我们先保持
we should first stick to

统计资料的真实性
the accuracy of statistical information.

这是统计调查的
This is the first issue that needs to be addressed

第一个要解决的问题
in statistic survey

第二 统计调查的分类 比较多
Secondly, the classification of statistic survey is varied.

首先 按统计调查对象的内容（范围）来分
To begin with, the statistic survey can be sorted by the content (range) of the respondents.

有全面调查
There are complete survey and

非全面调查
non-overall investigation

全面调查就是
complete survey means

统计调查总体里面的每个单位
every unit of population in the statistic survey

都要进行调查
must receive investigation.

比如我们讲得普查
Take census for example,

它就属于全面调查
it is one kind of complete survey.

非全面调查是指
Non-overall investigation means

对调查总体的部分单位进行调查
the investigation conducted on part of the units in the Population.

它有抽样调查
It includes sampling survey,

典型调查
typical investigation,

重点调查等等
key-point investigation, etc.

这是按调查对象的范围来分
This classification is based on the range of respondents.

按调查（登记的）时间（是否连续）分
If classified by survey (registered) time (whether consecutive),

有经常性调查
there are frequent survey

和一次性调查
and once survey.

经常性调查
Frequent survey

和一次性调查
and once survey

是以在一年以内和一年以外（为界限）
is divided by a time (limit) of a year.

一年以内进行的调查
Surveys conducted within a period of one year

就是经常性调查
is considered frequent survey.

比如说 企业里面
For example, in an enterprise,

工资 产品的产量 库存
the wage, production and inventory

每月 有些是每日都要调查
are checked on a monthly, and sometimes daily, basis,

比如 现金日记账
such as cash journal,

库存的日记账
inventory journal

材料日记账
and material journal.

这是按调查（登记的）时间（是否连续）来分
This classification is based on survey (registered) time (whether consecutive).

按组织方式来分
If classified by organizing forms,

有统计报表
there are statistical form

和专门调查
and special survey.

统计报表 它是一个统计报表制度
Statistical form is a kind of statistical reporting system

那些统计表
When a statistical form

打了国字号（的） 叫国表
is marked with the word “state”, it is called a National Statistical Report.

它现在用的是一套表 在网上填报
It is now a unified set of report tables to be filled online.

专门调查 它是为了某些专门目的
Special survey is an investigation

而组织的调查
with specialized purposes.

它底下有四类
There are four types of special survey.

第一 普查
First, census

第二 重点调查
Second, key-point investigation

第三 典型调查
Third, typical investigation

第四 抽样调查
Fourth, sampling survey

我们先讲一下普查
Let’s first talk about census.

普查 是专门组织的
Census is a specially organized

一次性的全面调查
one-off comprehensive survey.

专门组织的
A specially organized

一次性的全面调查
one-off comprehensive survey

比如说 人口普查
such as population census,

它是为了了解
aims at investigating

我们国家的基本的
the basic national

国情国力 人口总量 性别比例
conditions and strength, the total population, sex ratio,

民族结构 文化差异
ethnic structure, cultural differences,

年龄差别等等
age disparity, etc.

组织的一次家底调查
It is an organized resources investigation

每隔十年一次
once every ten years.

普查里面有个非常应该注意的问题
A point that we need to pay attention to in census

就是一个标准时点
Is the standard time point.

标准时点的制定
The standard time point

它是为了避免
is set to avoid

资料的遗漏和重复
The omission and repetition of information.

比如 以往人口普查
For example, in previous population censuses,

制定的标准时点
the standard time point has been set

是7月1号零时
at 00:00 a.m., July 1st.

而现在的人口普查制定的（标准）时点是
But the current population census has set the (standard) time point at

11月1号零时
00:00 a.m., November 1st.

这是普查
This is what we should know about census.

第二呢 重点调查
Secondly, key-point investigation

重点调查是为了了解
key-point investigation is an investigation conducted

总体的基本情况
to understand

而进行的调查
the situation of population

比如 我们讲的
For example, let’s say

要了解我们国家的
in order to understand our national

钢产量的基本情况
output of steel,

我们就可以采取
we can take

对钢铁企业那些重点单位
a key-point survey with the important enterprises

进行的调查
in iron and steel industry as the respondents.

把那几个
By adding the output

几大钢铁企业的产量加总
of those large iron and steel enterprises together,

就基本能够了解
we will be able to understand

我国钢产量的大致情况
the overall situation of the national steel production.

重点调查必须的前提
The prerequisite of key-point survey is that

就必须要存在重点单位
there are key units in the range of respondents.

它是为了了解总体的基本情况
This kind of survey is to grasp the overall situation.

第三个调查 典型调查
The third type is typical investigation

典型调查 它是
Typical investigation is to

选择有典型代表的单位进行调查
select typical units as representatives for investigation.

首先对总体要分析
First, an analysis of population is done

哪些单位能作为典型单位
to determine which units to be selected as typical units.

进入到调查单位
Then conduct the investigation in those units.

那这样跟你的调查目的有关
This is related to the purpose of your survey.

像我们的投入产出调查
Take our input-output investigation for example,

它就采用的是典型调查
we have adopted typical investigation

典型调查就对典型单位进行
In typical investigation, the typical unit will

麻雀解剖式的调查
be examined in a complete and thorough manner,

制定的方案比较详细
with a detailed design of scheme.

像毛主席的
Chairman Mao’s

兴国调查 寻乌调查
Xingguo Survey and Xunwu Survey

就使用的是典型调查
are all examples of typical investigation

抽样调查
Sampling survey

它是按随机原则
It means to randomly draw

从总体中抽取部分单位
some samples from all the respondents,

由部分单位的样本指标
and then infer the overall characteristic

来推断总体特征的一种方法
based on the sample index from those samples.

这种调查方法
This survey method

它的内容和计算比较多
involves a larger amount of information content and computing.

（后面）我们有一章节
We have an individual chapter (following)

专门讲这一章抽样调查
to focus on sampling survey

在这里呢
Well, here,

大家注意一下
I’d like to call your attention to

典型调查和抽样调查的区别在于
the differences between typical investigation and sampling survey

虽然都是选择（部分）单位
Although both select (part) units,

但是典型调查是
typical investigation

有意选典型单位
intentionally chooses the typical units,

抽样调查是按随机原则
while sampling survey draws

来选择调查单位
its respondents randomly.

第二 抽样调查
Again, in sampling survey

产生的误差可以推算出来
errors can be measured

并且可以控制
and controlled.

典型调查的误差
But in typical investigation

是没法计算并且控制不了
it is impossible to calculate errors.

这是按组织方式分的统计调查
This classification is based on organizing forms.

国家监督抽查
National supervision and spot check

羽绒服合格率
qualification rate of down jacket

稳定在90以上
stable above 90

针对电商抽检
Spot check for e-commerce

合格羽绒服最低时
when the qualified down jacket is the lowest

不到三成
Less than 30%

这家信誉达到双皇冠的淘宝网店
This Taobao shop with double crown reputation

在产品网页描述中声称
Claim in the product webpage description

羽绒服含绒量为90%
down jacket has a velvet content of 90%

同样是抽查电商
It is also a spot check of e-commerce

为什么2014年国家质检总局的
Why did AQSIQ in 2014

这次抽查质检合率
The quality inspection rate of this spot check

要高于中国羽绒工业协会的抽查呢
It is higher than the spot check of China down Industry Association

记者了解到
The reporter learned that

主要原因是抽查时间不同
The main reason is that the spot check time is different

合格率相对更低的抽查
Spot checks with relatively low pass rates

全都是在双11双12期间进行的
It's all in double 11 and double 12

同时抽检的电商平台
E-commerce platform for spot check at the same time

也从只有淘宝和天猫
E-commerce platform for spot check at the same time

增加了交易量比较高的京东商城
Jingdong Mall with high transaction volume has been added

按调查方法分
The surveys can also be classified by survey methods.

统计调查方法 它有
There are various methods of statistic survey, including

直接观察法 采访法
direct observation, interview,

还有电话调查
telephone survey,

邮寄信件的调查
mail survey,

还有现在的网络调查等等
and now online survey, etc.

这些都属于调查方法的具体体现
These are all specific forms of survey methods.

看你的调查对象
The specific survey method

和调查内容来确定具体的调查方法
should be determined according to the respondents and research content.

通过上面我们分析 讲解
To sum up, in today’s analysis and explanation,

就知道统计调查要干什么
we’ve learned what we should do in statistic survey

有哪些调查方法
and what kind of survey methods we can use.

那大妞二妞她（们）就可以
In the story we discussed at the beginning of the lecture,

采用我们上面所讲的方法
the two girls can adopt these methods

来进行选择
and choose the proper way.

比如说 她要了解
Say, if they want to investigate

高峰期的有关情况的话
the situation at evening peak hour,

她可以选择重点调查
they can choose key-point investigation

调查几个叉路口的汽车的拥堵情况
by investigating the traffic conditions at those crossings.

也可以采用典型调查
Or they can use typical investigation

调查6 7点钟下班的
by looking into the traffic conditions around 6 and 7 o’clock

高峰期的有关情况
from the evening peak hour.

至于说她们具体如何进行调查
As for the specific steps of the investigation,

那属于下一讲
we will come to that in our next lecture,

就是第二节要讲的内容
which is the second part of this chapter.