当前课程知识点:Fundamentals of Inorganic Materials Science >  4 Melt and glass >  4.2 The properties of the melt >  4.2.2 The properties of the melt_surface tension

返回《Fundamentals of Inorganic Materials Science》慕课在线视频课程列表

4.2.2 The properties of the melt_surface tension在线视频

下一节:4.2 The properties of the melt

返回《Fundamentals of Inorganic Materials Science》慕课在线视频列表

4.2.2 The properties of the melt_surface tension课程教案、知识点、字幕

同学们好,

我们继续来学习熔体的性质。

今天主要给大家介绍一下表面张力。

他的产生和熔体中质点在表面的状态有关。

内部的质点由于受到周围质点对他均衡的作用力,

因此处于受力平衡状态,

能量也较低。

而表面质点由于外部的气体分子对他的作用力较弱,

因此质点受力不均衡,

能量也较高。

这使得表面原子有向内部运动的趋势,

或者说有缩小表面积的趋势。

这是熔体存在表面张力的原因。

那么,什么是熔体的表面张力?

熔体的表面张力是指

熔体表面层由于分子引力不均衡而产生的

沿表面作用于任一界线上的张力。

我们也可以从能量的角度来表述,

即表面能。

表面能是指

将表面增大一个单位面积所需要作的功

(或把质点从内部移到表面所消耗的能量)。

表面能和表面张力数值相等,

但是从不同的角度描述熔体的表面现象。

同时,表面能是标量,

表面张力是矢量。

这一点请同学们认真理解。

此外,熔体的表面张力和什么因素有关呢?

也是与温度和组成有关。

他们的影响主要体现在两个方面,

一是单位表面的质点数,

质点数越多,作用力越强,

表面张力越大;

结合力越大,表明表面质点的受力不均匀程度越高,

表面张力越大。

大家分析表面张力时,主要就从这两个角度分析。

接下来,

我们具体讨论一下温度和组成对表面张力的影响。

首先考虑温度,温度越高,

质点间距越大,

表面质点数越少,

表面张力越低。

同时、氧硅比越高,

表明低聚物越多,

聚合物的尺寸越小。

相应的,

聚合物的数量增多,即质点数增多,

表面张力升高。

碱金属氧化物含量的提高,

与氧硅比升高的作用相同。

另外,

化学键的类型影响质点的结合力,

化学键越弱表面张力越低。

比如氧化硼,

由于硼氧三角体形成平面网络,

各平面之间的结合力较小,

因此表面张力较小。

同样地,

如果把氧化硼熔体和氧化硅熔体混合,

氧化硼熔体会在表面富集,

这样可以降低整体的表面张力。

换而言之,

混合熔体的表面张力

以较小的为主。

除此之外,

不同的负离子和氧化物会对表面张力产生不同的影响。

例如,氟离子和硫酸根离子可降低表面张力,

有表面活性的氧化物会使表面张力降低等。

关于各种氧化物的作用,

大家可以根据实际需要自己查阅资料。

熔体的性质我们就讲到这里,

谢谢!

Fundamentals of Inorganic Materials Science课程列表:

1 Introduction

-Introduction

-introduction

-Test for chapter 1

2 Crystal Imperfection

-2.1 Type of defect

--2.1 Types of point defects

--2.1 Types of point defects

-2.2.1 The expression methods of point defects

--2.2.1 The expression methods of point defects

--2.2.1 The expression methods of point defects

-2.2.2 The rules for writing of defect reaction equation

--2.2.2 The rules for writing of defect reaction equation

--2.2.2 The rules for writing of defect reaction equation

-2.3 Calculation of thermal defect concentration

--2.3 Calculation of thermal defect concentration

--2.3 Calculation of thermal defect concentration

-2.4 Non-stoichiometric compounds

--2.4 Non-stoichiometric compounds

--2.4 Non-stoichiometric compounds

-Homework for chapter 2

-Test for chapter 2

3 Solid solution

-3.1 The classification of solid solutions

--3.1 The classification of solid solutions

--3.1 The classification of solid solutions

-3.2 Substitutional solid solution

--3.2 Substitutional solid solution

--3.2 Substitutional solid solution

-3.3 Interstitial solid solution

--3.3 Interstitial solid solution

--3.3 Interstitial solid solution

-3.4 The research method of solid solutions

--3.4 The research method of solid solutions

--3.4 The research method of solid solutions

-3.5 Questions for crystal imperfection and solid solution

--Questions for crystal imperfection and solid solution

-Homework for chapter 3

-Test for chapter 3

4 Melt and glass

-4.1 Melt structure

--4.1 Melt structure

--4.1 Melt structure

-4.2 The properties of the melt

--4.2.1 The properties of the melt_viscosity

--4.2.2 The properties of the melt_surface tension

--4.2 The properties of the melt

-4.3 The characteristics of glass

--4.3 The characteristics of glass

--4.3 The characteristics of glass

-4.4 The formation of glass

--4.4.1 The formation of glass_kinetics conditions

--4.4.2 The formation of glass_crystal chemical conditions

--4.4 The formation of glass

-4.5 The structure of glass

--4.5 The structure of glass

--4.5 The structure of glass

-4.6 The typical glass

--4.6 The typical glass

--4.6 The typical glass

-4.7 Questions for melt and glass

--Questions for melt and glass

-Test for chapter 4

5 Phase equilibrium

-5.1 Phase equilibrium in silicate systems

--5.1 Phase equilibrium in silicate system

--5.1 Phase equilibrium in silicate system

-5.2 One-component system phase diagram

--5.2 One-component system phase diagram

--5.2 One-component system phase diagram

-5.3 Applications of one-component diagrams

--5.3 Applications of one-component diagrams

--5.3 Applications of one-component diagrams

-5.4 Binary diagrams

--5.4.1 Binary diagram with eutectic point

--5.4.2 Binary system with a congruent melting compound and one with an incongruent melting compound

--5.4.3 Other five types of phase diagrams of binary systems

--5.4 Binary diagrams

-5.5 Applications of binary phase diagrams

--5.5 Applications of binary phase diagrams

--5.5 Applications of binary phase diagrams

-5.6 Ternary diagrams

--5.6.1 Representation of ternary system composition

--5.6.1 Representation of ternary system composition

--5.6.2 Three-dimensional state diagram and plane projection diagram of a simple ternary system

--5.6.2 Three-dimensional state diagram and plane projection diagram of a simple ternary system

--5.6.3 (1) Basic types of ternary phase diagrams

--5.6.3 (2) Basic types of ternary phase diagrams

--5.6.3 (3) Basic types of ternary phase diagrams

--5.6.3 Basic types of ternary phase diagrams

-5.7 Applications of ternary phase diagrams

--5.7 Applications of ternary phase diagrams

--5.7 Applications of ternary phase diagrams

-5.8 Research methods of phase equilibrium

--5.8 Research methods of phase equilibrium

--5.8 Research methods of phase equilibrium

-5.9 Questions for phase equilibria

--Questions for phase equilibria

-Homework for chaper 5

-Test for chapter 5

6 Diffusion

-6.1 Overview of diffusion

--6.1 Overview of diffusion

--6.1 Overview of diffusion

-6.2 The kinetic equations of diffusion

--6.2 The kinetic equations of diffusion

--6.2 The kinetic equations of diffusion

-6.3 The thermodynamic equation of diffusion

--6.3 The thermodynamic equation of diffusion

--6.3 The thermodynamic equation of diffusion

-6.4 Diffusion mechanisms and diffusion coefficient

--6.4 Diffusion mechanisms and diffusion coefficient

--6.4 Diffusion mechanisms and diffusion coefficient

-6.5 Diffusion in solid

--6.5 Diffusion in solid

--6.5 Diffusion in solid

-6.6 Factors affecting diffusion

--6.6 Factors affecting diffusion

--6.6 Factors affecting diffusion

-6.7 Questions for diffusion

--Questions for diffusion

-Homework for chaper 6

-Test for chapter 6

7 Solid state reactions

-7.1 Overview of solid state reactions

--7.1 Overview of solid state reactions

--7.1 Overview of solid state reactions

-7.2 Kinetic equation of solid state reaction

--7.2 Kinetic equation of solid state reaction

-7.3 Factors affecting the solid state reaction

--7.3 Factors affecting the solid state reaction

--7.3 Factors affecting the solid state reaction

-Homeword for chapter 7

8 Phase transformation

-8.1 The categories of phase transformation

--8.1 The categories of phase transformation

--8.1 The categories of phase transformation

-8.2 Crystallization

--8.2.1 Crystallization thermodynamics

--8.2.2 Crystallization kinetics

--8.2 Crystallization

-8.3 Phase Separation of glass

--8.3 Phase separation of glass

--8.3 Phase separation of glass

-8.4 Questions for phase transformation

--Questions for phase transformation

-Test for chapter 8

9 Sintering

-9.1 Overview of sintering

--9.1 Overview of sintering

--9.1 Overview of sintering

-9.2 The driving forces and models of sintering

--9.2 The driving forces and models of sintering

--9.2 The driving forces and models of sintering

-9.3 Solid state sintering

--9.3.1 Evaporation-Condensation mass transfer

--9.3.2 Diffusion mass transfer

--9.3 Solid state sintering

-9.4 Liquid phase sintering

--9.4.1 Flow mass transfer

--9.4.2 Solution-Precipitation mass transfer

--9.4 Liquid phase sintering

-9.5 Grain growth and secondary recrystallization

--9.5.1 Grain growth

--9.5.2 Secondary recrystallization

--9.5 Grain growth and secondary recrystallization

-9.6 Factors affecting sintering

--9.6 Factors affecting sintering

--9.6 Factors affecting sintering

-9.7 Questions for sintering

--Questions for sintering

-Homework for chapter 9

-Test for chapter 9

4.2.2 The properties of the melt_surface tension笔记与讨论

也许你还感兴趣的课程:

© 柠檬大学-慕课导航 课程版权归原始院校所有,
本网站仅通过互联网进行慕课课程索引,不提供在线课程学习和视频,请同学们点击报名到课程提供网站进行学习。