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9.5.2 Secondary recrystallization课程教案、知识点、字幕

接下来我们讨论二次再结晶。

由于夹杂物或气孔等的阻碍作用,

当正常的晶粒生长停止以后,

如果在均匀基相中有若干大晶粒,

它们会成为形核中心,

不断吞并周围小晶粒、

不断吞并周围小晶粒、

而迅速长大成巨大晶粒。

如图所示五十边形的晶粒,

这个晶粒的边界比邻近晶粒的边界多,

晶界曲率也较大,

因此晶界可以越过气孔或夹杂物,

向邻近小晶粒曲率中心推进。

所以,二次再结晶的推动力是,

是大晶粒晶面

与邻近小晶粒晶面表面能的差值。

那么我们再来对比一下晶粒生长与二次再结晶,

发现区别在于,

晶粒生长是坯体内晶粒尺寸均匀地生长,

而二次再结晶是个别晶粒异常生长。

晶粒生长是平均晶粒尺寸的增长,

不存在晶核,

界面处于平衡状态,无应力。

二次再结晶是以大晶粒为核心,

界面上有应力存在。

晶粒生长时,

气孔都维持在晶界上,

或位于晶界的交汇处。

而二次再结晶时,

气孔会被包裹在晶粒内部。

那么为什么会出现二次再结晶呢?

首先,与原始粉料里大小不均匀的颗粒有关。

其次,二次再结晶的程度,

取决于起始粉料颗粒的大小。

起始粉料越粗,

二次再结晶的程度越小。

如图所示为

氧化铍晶粒相对生长率与原始粒度的关系,

起始粒度越细,

二次再结晶的晶粒尺寸越大。

此外,从工艺控制考虑,

造成二次再结晶的原因主要是,

烧结温度偏高,

烧结速率太快,

坯体成型压力不均匀,

局部有不均匀液相等。

二次再结晶有什么危害呢?

如果烧结体中出现二次再结晶,

由于大晶粒受到周围晶界应力的作用或缺陷,

结果常常在大晶粒内部出现隐裂纹,

导致材料性能恶化。

但是,并不是任何情况下二次再结晶过程都是有害的。

例如在硬磁铁氧体BaFe2O4的烧结中,

通过控制大晶粒,

使其成为二次再结晶的晶核,

利用二次再结晶形成择优取向,

从而可以得到

磁畴取向一致、高导磁率的材料。

然而大多数情况下的二次再结晶都是有害的,

因而需要采取适当的措施来杜绝它。

有几下几种方法:

一是通过控制烧结温度,

来减缓晶界移动速率。

二是起始粉料粒度必须分布均匀。

三是加入少量的晶界移动抑制剂,

比如在氧化铝烧结的时候加入氧化镁,

二者发生反应生成镁铝尖晶石,

它会偏聚在晶界上,

抑制晶界迁移。

此时晶粒生长公式可以表示为 G^3-G0^3=Kt

即晶粒尺寸的立方差与时间成正比,

那么在对数坐标中,

斜率就由原来的1/2降为1/3。

我们可以看出,

晶界在烧结过程中起着非常重要的作用,

晶界是气孔向烧结体外扩散的主要通道。

在烧结过程中,

坯体内的空位流与原子流,

利用晶界作相对扩散,

如左图所示。

空位经过无数个晶界传递,

最后逸出表面,

同时导致坯体的收缩。

接近晶界的空位,

最容易扩散到晶界,

并在晶界上消失。

因此,晶界

对扩散传质的烧结过程是有利的。

好,以上是晶粒生长与二次再结晶的内容。

重点在于区分它们的概念,

理解它们产生的本质及过程,

对烧结过程进行控制,

从而提高烧结体的性能。

Fundamentals of Inorganic Materials Science课程列表:

1 Introduction

-Introduction

-introduction

-Test for chapter 1

2 Crystal Imperfection

-2.1 Type of defect

--2.1 Types of point defects

--2.1 Types of point defects

-2.2.1 The expression methods of point defects

--2.2.1 The expression methods of point defects

--2.2.1 The expression methods of point defects

-2.2.2 The rules for writing of defect reaction equation

--2.2.2 The rules for writing of defect reaction equation

--2.2.2 The rules for writing of defect reaction equation

-2.3 Calculation of thermal defect concentration

--2.3 Calculation of thermal defect concentration

--2.3 Calculation of thermal defect concentration

-2.4 Non-stoichiometric compounds

--2.4 Non-stoichiometric compounds

--2.4 Non-stoichiometric compounds

-Homework for chapter 2

-Test for chapter 2

3 Solid solution

-3.1 The classification of solid solutions

--3.1 The classification of solid solutions

--3.1 The classification of solid solutions

-3.2 Substitutional solid solution

--3.2 Substitutional solid solution

--3.2 Substitutional solid solution

-3.3 Interstitial solid solution

--3.3 Interstitial solid solution

--3.3 Interstitial solid solution

-3.4 The research method of solid solutions

--3.4 The research method of solid solutions

--3.4 The research method of solid solutions

-3.5 Questions for crystal imperfection and solid solution

--Questions for crystal imperfection and solid solution

-Homework for chapter 3

-Test for chapter 3

4 Melt and glass

-4.1 Melt structure

--4.1 Melt structure

--4.1 Melt structure

-4.2 The properties of the melt

--4.2.1 The properties of the melt_viscosity

--4.2.2 The properties of the melt_surface tension

--4.2 The properties of the melt

-4.3 The characteristics of glass

--4.3 The characteristics of glass

--4.3 The characteristics of glass

-4.4 The formation of glass

--4.4.1 The formation of glass_kinetics conditions

--4.4.2 The formation of glass_crystal chemical conditions

--4.4 The formation of glass

-4.5 The structure of glass

--4.5 The structure of glass

--4.5 The structure of glass

-4.6 The typical glass

--4.6 The typical glass

--4.6 The typical glass

-4.7 Questions for melt and glass

--Questions for melt and glass

-Test for chapter 4

5 Phase equilibrium

-5.1 Phase equilibrium in silicate systems

--5.1 Phase equilibrium in silicate system

--5.1 Phase equilibrium in silicate system

-5.2 One-component system phase diagram

--5.2 One-component system phase diagram

--5.2 One-component system phase diagram

-5.3 Applications of one-component diagrams

--5.3 Applications of one-component diagrams

--5.3 Applications of one-component diagrams

-5.4 Binary diagrams

--5.4.1 Binary diagram with eutectic point

--5.4.2 Binary system with a congruent melting compound and one with an incongruent melting compound

--5.4.3 Other five types of phase diagrams of binary systems

--5.4 Binary diagrams

-5.5 Applications of binary phase diagrams

--5.5 Applications of binary phase diagrams

--5.5 Applications of binary phase diagrams

-5.6 Ternary diagrams

--5.6.1 Representation of ternary system composition

--5.6.1 Representation of ternary system composition

--5.6.2 Three-dimensional state diagram and plane projection diagram of a simple ternary system

--5.6.2 Three-dimensional state diagram and plane projection diagram of a simple ternary system

--5.6.3 (1) Basic types of ternary phase diagrams

--5.6.3 (2) Basic types of ternary phase diagrams

--5.6.3 (3) Basic types of ternary phase diagrams

--5.6.3 Basic types of ternary phase diagrams

-5.7 Applications of ternary phase diagrams

--5.7 Applications of ternary phase diagrams

--5.7 Applications of ternary phase diagrams

-5.8 Research methods of phase equilibrium

--5.8 Research methods of phase equilibrium

--5.8 Research methods of phase equilibrium

-5.9 Questions for phase equilibria

--Questions for phase equilibria

-Homework for chaper 5

-Test for chapter 5

6 Diffusion

-6.1 Overview of diffusion

--6.1 Overview of diffusion

--6.1 Overview of diffusion

-6.2 The kinetic equations of diffusion

--6.2 The kinetic equations of diffusion

--6.2 The kinetic equations of diffusion

-6.3 The thermodynamic equation of diffusion

--6.3 The thermodynamic equation of diffusion

--6.3 The thermodynamic equation of diffusion

-6.4 Diffusion mechanisms and diffusion coefficient

--6.4 Diffusion mechanisms and diffusion coefficient

--6.4 Diffusion mechanisms and diffusion coefficient

-6.5 Diffusion in solid

--6.5 Diffusion in solid

--6.5 Diffusion in solid

-6.6 Factors affecting diffusion

--6.6 Factors affecting diffusion

--6.6 Factors affecting diffusion

-6.7 Questions for diffusion

--Questions for diffusion

-Homework for chaper 6

-Test for chapter 6

7 Solid state reactions

-7.1 Overview of solid state reactions

--7.1 Overview of solid state reactions

--7.1 Overview of solid state reactions

-7.2 Kinetic equation of solid state reaction

--7.2 Kinetic equation of solid state reaction

-7.3 Factors affecting the solid state reaction

--7.3 Factors affecting the solid state reaction

--7.3 Factors affecting the solid state reaction

-Homeword for chapter 7

8 Phase transformation

-8.1 The categories of phase transformation

--8.1 The categories of phase transformation

--8.1 The categories of phase transformation

-8.2 Crystallization

--8.2.1 Crystallization thermodynamics

--8.2.2 Crystallization kinetics

--8.2 Crystallization

-8.3 Phase Separation of glass

--8.3 Phase separation of glass

--8.3 Phase separation of glass

-8.4 Questions for phase transformation

--Questions for phase transformation

-Test for chapter 8

9 Sintering

-9.1 Overview of sintering

--9.1 Overview of sintering

--9.1 Overview of sintering

-9.2 The driving forces and models of sintering

--9.2 The driving forces and models of sintering

--9.2 The driving forces and models of sintering

-9.3 Solid state sintering

--9.3.1 Evaporation-Condensation mass transfer

--9.3.2 Diffusion mass transfer

--9.3 Solid state sintering

-9.4 Liquid phase sintering

--9.4.1 Flow mass transfer

--9.4.2 Solution-Precipitation mass transfer

--9.4 Liquid phase sintering

-9.5 Grain growth and secondary recrystallization

--9.5.1 Grain growth

--9.5.2 Secondary recrystallization

--9.5 Grain growth and secondary recrystallization

-9.6 Factors affecting sintering

--9.6 Factors affecting sintering

--9.6 Factors affecting sintering

-9.7 Questions for sintering

--Questions for sintering

-Homework for chapter 9

-Test for chapter 9

9.5.2 Secondary recrystallization笔记与讨论

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