第29讲 生命的色彩—情绪及其功能在线视频

先问你一个问题
Let me ask you a question first

你喜欢悲伤的感觉吗
Do you like the feeling of sadness?

No, I don't like it

还是很不喜欢的
No, I don't like it

还是很不喜欢的

因为悲伤的话
Because sadness

就是你沉浸在悲伤的情绪
When you're in a state of sadness

你的身体反应也会很难受
Your physical reaction will be hard

而且你那个时候会做出一些不太理智的行为
and you're going to do some irrational things at that time

我觉得是我不太能接受的
I don't think I can accept it

不喜欢
I don't like it

不喜欢
I don't like it

不喜欢
I don't like it

不喜欢
I don't like it

不喜欢
I don't like it

不喜欢
I don't like it

不喜欢
I don't like it

应该没有人会喜欢
No one should like it

不太喜欢
Not really

我觉得快乐点挺好的
I'd like prefer joy

不喜欢
I don't like it

因为悲伤的感觉会让我很难过 很伤心
Because sadness makes me very sad, sorrowful

有的时候还会哭泣
Sometimes I cry

不喜欢
I don't like it

我不喜欢悲伤的感觉
I don’t like sadness

因为悲伤的感觉会让我感到非常心痛
Because sadness will make me feel very heartache

而且我是一个容易沉浸在悲伤感觉中的人
and I am a person easily immersed in the feeling of sadness

对这种情绪比较难摆脱
It's hard to get rid of this emotion

所以我不喜欢悲伤的感觉
so I don’t like sadness

你喜欢恐惧的感觉吗
Do you like the feeling of fear?

不喜欢
I don't like it

为什么不喜欢
Why don't I like it

就是 恐惧它就是人的本能
Because fear is human instinct

就是讨厌恐惧是人的本能
Hating fear is human instinct

不喜欢
I don't like it

我觉得那个会让人觉得特别害怕
I think that would be particularly frightening

不喜欢
I don't like it

不喜欢
I don't like it

不喜欢
I don't like it

不喜欢
I don't like it

不喜欢
I don't like it

不喜欢
I don't like it

不喜欢
I don't like it

不喜欢
I don't like it

不喜欢
I don't like it

恐惧的感觉不喜欢
I don't like fear

因为我会害怕
Because I will feel scared

我不喜欢恐惧的感觉
I don’t like fear

因为我觉得你只要是人
Because as long as he's human

都不喜欢恐惧的感觉吧
he will don't like the feeling of fear

毕竟恐惧的时候会心跳加快什么的
After all, my heart beats faster when I'm afraid

那种感觉不是很好
that's not a good feeling

我想没有人喜欢生活在
I don't think anyone likes to live a life of

悲伤 恐惧的生活中
sadness and fear

那再问你一个问题
Another question

假如给你做一个手术
if you have an operation

让你永远体会不到
and you will never feel

悲伤 恐惧 也永远体会不到快乐
sadness, fear and happiness

你能接受吗
Can you accept it?

当然不能接受了
Of course not

我觉得人活在世上好像就是
I think people live in the world

因为有了情感
because they have emotions

所以才会变得更加丰富多彩
So it will become more colorful

我觉得不能吧
I don't think so

那不就跟丧尸一样了吗
Isn't that just like a zombie

我不能接受
I can't accept

不能
I can't

我不能接受
I can't accept

我不能接受
I can't accept

不能接受吧
I can't accept

我应该不能接受吧
I don't think I can accept it

不能接受
I can't

我不愿意
I can't

虽然
Because even

我不太喜欢悲伤恐惧的感觉
I don't like sadness and fear

但是我觉得人生嘛就是来体验的
I think life is to experience

如果什么感受都接受不到的话
If we can't feel anything

那活着也会很麻木
life will be numb

很冰冷 没有什么意义
icy, and has no meaning

看来大家都不喜欢
It seems that no one likes the life

没有喜怒哀乐的生活
without happiness, anger and sorrow

实际上
In fact

在我们所有的经历中
in all our experiences

凡是让我们印象深刻的情景
all the scenes that impress us

全部都跟强烈的情绪联系在一起
are all connected with strong emotions

李白的诗句
Li Bai's poem

抽刀断水
Water still flows,though we cut it with our swords

水更流
And sorrows return

举杯消愁愁更愁
though we drown them with wine

杜甫的诗句
Du Fu's poem

剑外忽传收蓟北
It's said the Northern Gate is recaptured of late

初闻涕泪
When the news reach my ears

满衣裳
my gown is wet with tears

还有孟姜女哭长城的故事
And the story of Meng Jiang's crying for the Great Wall

这些诗句和故事
Part of the reason these verses and stories

之所以千古永流传
have been circulating is that

部分原因是里面所饱含的情绪
the emotions they contain have aroused

在我们心中引起了强烈的共鸣
strong resonance in our minds

那么到底什么是情绪呢
So what is emotion?

心理学家一般认为
Psychologists generally believe that

情绪是以个体的愿望
emotion is the attitude experience

和需要为中介所产生的态度体验
and corresponding behavior mediated by

及相应的行为反应
the individual's wishes and needs

这个定义包括三个核心成分
This definition includes three core components

第一 情绪以需要为中介
first, emotion is mediated by need

我需要吃东西
I need to eat

如果吃了一顿大餐
If I eat a big meal

就会产生积极的情绪体验
I will have a positive emotional experience

如果没有时间或者没有钱吃饭
If I don't have time or money to eat

需要没有被满足
my need isn't satisfied

就会产生消极的情绪体验
I will have a negative emotional experience

第二 情绪是一种主观态度体验
Secondly, emotion is a kind of subjective attitude experience

是个体对不同情绪
which is the individual's self feeling

和情感状态的自我感受
to different emotion states and feeling states

比如 我们被人欺骗了
For example, when we are cheated

就感到愤怒
we feel angry

失去了珍爱的东西
when we lose something we cherish

就感到悲伤等等
we feel sad and so on

第三 情绪会伴随
Third, emotions are accompanied

相应的行为反应
by corresponding behavioral responses

第一种行为反应是表情
The first kind of behavioral response is expression

包括面部表情
including facial expression

姿态表情和语调表情
posture expression and intonation expression

其中面部表情最能表达复杂的情绪
in which facial expression can express complex emotions the most

艾克曼是一位著名的情绪心理学家
Ekman is a famous emotional psychologist

也就是著名的美国电视剧
which is the archetype of the famous American TV series

《千谎百计》的原型
Lie to Me

在这部电视剧里
In this TV series

男主人公莱特曼
the hero Lightman can judge

通过观察
whether people are lying by observing

人的面部表情和身体动作就能判断
people's facial expressions and body movements

人们是否在撒谎从而还原事件的真相
so as to restore the truth of the event

艾克曼发现
Ekman find that

人脸的不同部位
different parts of the face

具有不同的表情作用
have different expressive functions

比如眼睛对
such as the eyes are

表达悲伤最重要
the most important to express sadness

口部对表达
the mouth is the most important to

快乐和厌恶最重要
express happiness and disgust

眼睛和嘴
and the eyes and mouth

对表达愤怒很重要
are very important to express anger

另外情绪发生时
When emotions occur

还会出现生理反应
there will be physiological reactions

我们的中枢神经系统和周围神经系统
Our central and peripheral nervous systems

都会参与情绪的生理反应
are involved in the physiological response of emotions

让我们在愤怒或恐惧时心跳加快
which makes our heart beat faster

血压升高 呼吸急促等等
blood pressure higher, and breath faster when we are angry or scared

周围神经又叫自主神经
Peripheral nerve is also called autonomic nervous system

所谓自主指的是不受大脑的控制
The so-called autonomy refers to not being controlled by the brain

所以我们在情绪发生时
so the changes of heart rate and blood pressure

出现的心率和血压的变化等
when we have emotions are

在很大程度上不受我们大脑的支配
largely not controlled by our brain

正是因为这些反应几乎不可控制
Just because these responses are almost uncontrollable

我们就可以通过观察人在回答问题时
we can judge the emotional changes of people by observing the changes

某些生理指标的变化来判断他的情绪变化
of some physiological indicators when they answer questions

从而推断他在回答有关问题时
so as to infer whether they are lying

是否在撒谎
when they answer relevant questions

这就是测谎
This is called lie detection

人类为什么会有情绪呢
Why do human beings have emotions?

进化理论家认为
Evolutionary theorists believe that

由于情绪在进化过程中
emotions are preserved because they increase

增加了人类生存的可能性
the possibility of human

所以才保留下来
survival in the process of evolution

那么情绪有什么功能呢
So what's the function of emotion?

第一 情绪具有适应功能
First, emotion has adaptive function

比如
For example

我们的祖先曾受到猛兽的攻击
our ancestors were attacked by beasts

所以见到猛兽就会恐惧
so when they saw them, they would fear

恐惧使他们躲避
Fear made them avoid the beasts

从而提高了生存的概率
thus improving the probability of survival

当遇到敌人的攻击
When confronted with the enemy's attack

他们就会愤怒
they would be angry

这能让他们紧张起来
which made them nervous

有利于动员全身的力量进行反击
and helped mobilize the whole body to fight back

第二 情绪具有组织功能
Secondly, emotion has the function of organization

能把我们的各种心理活动组织起来
which can organize our various mental activities

当我们快乐时
When we are happy

我们的认知活动就更有效
our cognitive activities are more effective

当我们非常愤怒时
when we are very angry

可能会出现意识狭窄
we may have narrow consciousness

从而说出让我们后悔的话
so that we may say what we regret in the future

或者做出不理性的决策等等
or make irrational decisions, etc

第三 情绪具有社会功能
Thirdly, emotion has social function

在婴儿期
In infancy

情绪是婴儿与成人交往的唯一方式
emotion is the only way for infants to communicate with adults

当婴儿饿了 渴了 累了 困了
When infants are hungry, thirsty, tired, sleepy

拉了 尿了等等
and poop, pee, etc.

他就会哭
they will cry

成人听到了
When adults hear it

就去照顾他
they will take care of them

我们喜欢那些跟我们具有相同情绪的人
We like people who share the same emotions with us

我们重视那些跟我们同仇敌忾的人
we value people who share the same hatred with us

所以情绪就像社会的粘合剂
so emotions are like the glue of society

能把我们粘合在一起
which can bond us together

所有的人都有情绪
All people have emotions

那么不同国家和不同文化中的人
Can people from different countries and cultures

能互相理解对方的情绪吗
understand each other's emotions?

我们理解他人的情绪
We understand other people's emotions

主要是通过理解表情实现的
mainly through the understanding of expression

那么表情具有普遍性吗
So is expression universal?

达尔文在1872年出版的人类和动物的表情
In the book The Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals

这本书中提出
published in 1872 Darwin proposed that

所有物种的情绪都是进化而来的
emotions of all species are evolved

那么 达尔文的观点是对的吗
So is Darwin right?

艾克曼让不同国家
Ekman asked people from different countries

不同民族的人
and nationalities

对典型面部表情的照片进行判断
to judge the photos of typical facial expressions

并让不同文化中的人
and asked people from different cultures

做出符合某种情绪的表情
to make expressions that conform to certain emotions

结果发现
The results showed that

有七种基本情绪是普遍的
seven basic emotions are common

不同国家和文化中的人
and people from different countries and cultures

都能相互识别
can recognize each other

这七种普遍情绪是
The seven general emotions are

快乐 厌恶 惊奇 悲伤 愤怒 恐惧和轻蔑
happiness, disgust, surprise, sadness, anger, fear and contempt

这说明
This shows that

全世界所有人的情绪反应模式是一致的
the emotional response pattern of all people in the world were the same

这与达尔文的观点也是一致的
which is consistent with Darwin 's view

当然
Of course

尽管基本情绪是普遍的
although basic emotions are common

但人们在情绪的具体表现方面
there are some cultural differences

有一些文化差异
in the actual performance of emotions

比如 塔希提岛上的波利尼西亚人
For example, the Polynesians in Tahiti

生活在像天堂一样的环境中
who live in a environment like paradise

他们几乎没有悲伤
have little sadness

他们的语言中甚至没有
and their language even does not have

表达悲伤的词汇
the words to express sadness

情绪的表达规则
There are also cross-cultural

也有跨文化差异
differences in the expression rules of emotions

比如在中国
For example, in China

有“男儿有泪不轻弹”
there are the saying that "Men only weep when deeply grieved"

和“人欢无好事”的说法
and "Joyfulness doesn't have good results"

劝人们在表达悲伤和快乐的时候要有度
People are advised to express sadness and happiness moderately

但在西方社会
however, people in western societies

人们表达情绪就相对比较自由
are relatively free to express emotions

好 今天的内容就讲完了
OK, that's all for today

现在回顾一下主要内容
Now let's review the main content

我们主要讲了情绪是以个体的愿望
We mainly talked about that emotion was the attitude experience

和需要为中介所产生的态度体验
and corresponding behavior mediated

及相应的行为反应
by the individual's wishes and needs

情绪有适应功能
Emotion has adaptive function

组织功能和社会功能
organizational function and social function

人类有一些共同的普遍情绪
Human beings have some common emotions

但不同国家在情绪的
but different countries have differences

具体表现上有差别
in the specific expression of emotions

我们在附加学习材料中
We have also prepared the knowledge of emotion classification

还准备了情绪分类方面的知识
in the [additional learning materials]

大家可以去学习
which you can learn

下次课你将会了解到
Next time you will find out

为什么我们害怕的时候更容易动情
why we are more likely to be emotional when we are afraid

好 下次再见
OK, see you next time