法律体系在线视频

同学们好
Hello, classmates

我是国际工商学院的张洪烈老师
I am Zhang Honglie from the International Business School

今天我们来学习法律体系的相关内容
Today we will learn about legal systems

一个国家的法律体系
The legal system of a country

( legal systen)
The legal system of a country

是一系列规则
refers to the a series of rules

这些规则或法津
or laws that regulate people's behavior

可以规范人们的行为
or laws that regulate people's behavior

制约商务实践
restrict business practices

定义商务交易活动的方式
define the manner of business transactions are to be executed

确定商务交易中
and set down the rights and obligations

有关各方的权利和义务
of parties involved in business transactions

各国的法律环境差异很大
The legal environment of

各国的法律环境差异很大
countries differ in significant ways

世界各国采用的法津
There are three main legal systems

主要有三大体系
adopted by countries in the world

分别是第一种普通法
they are common law

civil law and theocratic law

第二种大陆法 第三种宗教法
civil law and theocratic law

普通法体系在英国实施
The common law system has

普通法体系在英国实施
been implemented in England

已有几百年的历史
for hundreds of years

日前依然采用此法系的
and most of the countries that

日前依然采用此法系的
still adopt this law system

日前依然采用此法系的

大多为英国的前殖民地国家
are former colonies of the Great Britain

普通法( common law)体系以传统
The common law system is based on tradition

The common law system is based on tradition

先例和惯例为基础
The common law system is based on tradition

传统是指一个国家的法律历史
precedent and custom Tradition

传统是指一个国家的法律历史
refers to the legal history of a country

先例是指法院以前所判过的案例

先例是指法院以前所判过的案例
precedent refers to cases that have

先例是指法院以前所判过的案例
come before the counts in the past

惯例是指具体应用法律的方式
custom refers to the ways laws are applied in specific situations

法庭在解释普通法时
When law courts interpret common law

会依据这些特征来判断
they do so with regard to these characteristics

这给普通法体系
which brings a certain degree of flexibility to

带来某种程度的灵活性
which brings a certain degree of flexibility to

这是其他法律体系所没有的
the common law system that other law systems lack

the common law system that other law systems lack

在普通法体系下
Under the common law system

法官有权解释法律
judges have the power to interpret the law

所以它适用于个别案例的特定情形
so it is suitable for unique circumstances in individual cases

这样
In this way

每个新的解释便确立了一个先例
each new interpretation establishes a precedent

以后发生类似案例就可参照此先例
which may be followed in similar cases in the future

随着新的判例的产生
As new precedents arise

laws may be altered, clarified

法规会变得更具适应性
laws may be altered, clarified

更加清晰或更加完善
laws may be altered, clarified

以应对新的情况
or amended to deal with new situations

大陆法体系( civil law system)
The civil law system

它是以一套十分详尽的法律条文
is based on a detailed set of laws organized into codes

所组成的法典为基础
is based on a detailed set of laws organized into codes

法庭在解释大陆法时
When law courts interpret civil law

依据的就是这些法律条文
they do so with regard to these codes

包括德国 法国 日本
Many countries including Germany France Japan

and Russia implement civil law

和俄罗斯在内的多个国家实行大陆法
and Russia implement civil law

相对于普通法面言
Compared with common law

大陆法较少有对抗性
civil law is less adversarial

因为法官主要依据详尽的法律条文
because judges rely on detailed legal codes rather

而不是传统 先例和惯例来判断
than traditions precedents and customs

在普通法体系中
In the common law system

法官可以解释法律
judges have the power to interpret the law

但是在大陆达体系中
while in the civil system

法官只有应用法律的权力
judges only have the power to apply the law

这里需要介绍一下
Also I need to introduce that

中国的法律体系基本属于大陆法系
China's legal system is basically a civil law system

但在不断发展和完善的过程中
but in the process of continuous development and improvement

我国形成了具有中国特色的法系
China has formed a legal system with Chinese characteristics

现有的法律体系全称为
The full name of the existing legal system is

中国特色社会主义法律体系
The full name of the existing legal system is

中国特色社会主义法律体系
the socialist system of laws with Chinese characteristics

宗教法体系
Theocratic law system

它是以宗教教义为基础
which is based on religious teachings

尽管印度教和犹太教法律的应用
although usage of Hindu and Jewish law continued

尽管印度教和犹太教法律的应用
into the 20th century

一直持续到20世纪
into the 20th century

into the 20th century

但伊斯兰法是当今世界使用最广泛的
Islamic law is the most widely used

但伊斯兰法是当今世界使用最广泛的
religious legal system in the world today

宗教法律制度
religious legal system in the world today

伊斯兰法主要侧重于道德伦理
Islamic law is primarily a moral rather

而不是商业法规
than a commercial law and is

它倾向于全方位地管理生活
intended to govern all aspects of life

伊斯兰法就是以《古兰经》
he foundation for Islamic law is the

伊斯兰法就是以《古兰经》
holy book of Islam, the Koran

伊斯兰教规
along with the Sunnah

伊斯兰先知穆罕默德的言论
or decisions and sayings of the Prophet Muhammad

以及伊斯兰学者根据《古兰经》
and the writings of Islamic scholars

和伊斯兰教规的原则精神
who have derived rules by analogy from

所撰写的论著为基础形成的
from the principles established int he Koran and the Sunnah

接下来我们来学习合同法的差异
Next, we are going to learn about the differences in contract law

一张合同就是一份法律文件
A contract is a document

它规定了交易发生的条件
that specifies the conditions under

它规定了交易发生的条件
which an exchange is to occur

交易双方具体的权利和义务
and details and rights and

交易双方具体的权利和义务
obligations of the parties involved

合同法就是管理合同执行的法律实体
Contract law is the body of law that governs contract enforcement

当一方感到另一方
The parties to an agreement normally

违反了协议文本或原则的时候
resort to contract when one party feels the other has violated

either the letter or the spirit of an agreement

合同有关方通常会通过合同法来解决
either the letter or the spirit of an agreement

普通法体系和大陆法体系的差异
The difference between the common law system and the civil law

可以在合同法中找到充分的例证
system can be fully exemplified in contract law

在一个普通法框架下起草的合同
Contracts drafted under a common law

往往对所有偶然事件
framework tend to be very detailed with all contingencies spelled out

都有非常详尽的说明
with all contingencies spelled out

而在大陆法框架下
while under the civil law framework

合同则趋向于较短和较为笼统的描述
contracts tend to in a shorter and less detailed

因为合同中所涉及的许多问题
because many issues involved in

在法典里都有明文规定
the contract are already covered in a civil code

财产权和腐败行为
Property rights and corruption

财产是指个人或企业
The term property refers to a resource over

所拥有的具有合法权益的一种资源
which an individual or business holds a legal title

which an individual or business holds a legal title

财产权是一种合法权利
that is a resource that it owns

它让人有权使用某种资源
Property rights refer to the legal rights over

它让人有权使用某种资源
the use to which a resource is put

以及这种资源所带来的收入
and over the use made of any income

以及这种资源所带来的收入
that may be derived from that resource

侵犯财产权的公共行为
Public action that violates property

侵犯财产权的公共行为
rights refersto public officials

是指政治家和政府官员
such as politicians and government

是指政治家和政府官员
bureaucrats extorting income

从财产所有者那里
resources or property itself form property holders

勒索钱财或资源
This can be done through legal mechanisms

这种行为可以通过法律机制来实现
such as levying excessive taxes without compensating prior owner

such as levying excessive taxes without compensating prior owner

比如向财产所有者征收过多的税收
such as levying excessive taxes without compensating prior owner

当侵犯财产权的行为
When the violation of property rights is

通过非法的途径来实施时
carried out through illegal means

就是腐败行为
it is corruption

关于知识产权的保护
The protection of intellectual property

知识产权 属于知识活动的产物
Intellectual property refers to property that

知识产权 属于知识活动的产物
is the product of intellectual activity

可以通过专利 版权 商标
and can establish ownership through patents

建立所有权
copyrights and trademarks

世界多个国家对知识产权的保护
The protection of intellectual property rights varies greatly

有很大的差异
among countries in the world

产品安全与产品责任
Product safety and product liability

产品安全法
Product safety laws

对某一产品建立一定的安全标准
set certain safety standards to which a product must adhere

产品责任是指当一个产品引起伤害
Product liability holding a firm and its officers responsible

死亡或损失的时候
Product liability holding a firm and its officers responsible

该产品的生产企业以及
when a product causes injury death or damage

when a product causes injury death or damage

主管人员应对此负责
when a product causes injury death or damage

If a product is inconsistent with the due safety standards

如果一个产品与应有的
If a product is inconsistent with the due safety standards

安全标准不一致
If a product is inconsistent with the due safety standards

那么产品责任可能相当大
the product liability may be considerable

以上就是这一章
The above is all that we need to discuss in this chapter

我们需要探讨的全部内容
The above is all that we need to discuss in this chapter

带大家了解世界政治体制
It will help you understand the

带大家了解世界政治体制
differences in the world's political

经济体制和法律体系不同
economic and legal systems

认识到世界上任何一个国家
and realize that the potential benefits

商业活动的潜在利益
costs, and risks of commercial

成本和风险
activities in any country in

the world are results of the political system

都是政治体制
the world are results of the political system

经济体制和法律体系
the world are results of the political system

这三个因素共同作用的结果
economic system and legal system

好的
Okay

今天的课程到这里就结束了
today's class is over here

感谢大家的观看
thank you for watching