国际劳工关系在线视频

同学们好
Hello everyone

我是云南财经大学国际工商学院的潘雪冬老师
I am Pan Xuedong from International Business School of Yunnan University of Finance & Economics

这节课我们学习全球人力资源管理的第四节
Today we are going to study Unit 4

国际劳工关系
international labor relations of Global human resource management

从战略视角来看
From a strategic perspective

国际劳工关系的关键是劳工组织限制跨国公司选择的程度
the key issue in international labor relations is the degree to

国际劳工关系的关键是劳工组织限制跨国公司选择的程度
which organized labor can limit the choices of an international business

会限制企业整合并巩固全球子公司业务
A firm’s ability to integrate and consolidate its global operations to realize experience curve

阻碍企业实施跨国战略或全球标准化战略
and location economies can be constrained the pursuit of a transnational or global standardization strategy

工会组织常常通过与企业管理层进行集体劳资谈判
Labor unions generally try to get better pay

为其成员争取更有利的报酬
greater job security

更稳定的工作保障和更优越的工作条件
and better working conditions for their members through collective bargaining with management

跨国公司的人力资源管理部门
The HRM function of an international business is

通常负责处理国际劳工关系
typically responsible for international labor relations

人力资源管理部门的一大职能
One task of the HRM function is to foster harmony

就是促进企业与劳工的和谐
One task of the HRM function is to foster harmony

使二者之间的冲突最小化
and minimize conflict between the firm and organized labor

我们这一节的学习关注三个内容
We focus on three parts in this unit

一
First

劳工组织对跨国公司的忧虑
labor’s concerns about multinational enterprises

二
Second

劳工组织如何应对忧虑
how organized labor has tried to deal with these concerns

三
Third

跨国公司如何处理劳工关系来最小化劳工冲突
how international businesses manage labor relations to minimize labor disputes

工会对跨国企业的主要忧虑是
A principal concern of labor union about

企业可以通过将生产转移到其他国家
multinational firms is that the company can counter

来反击工会的谈判能力
its bargaining power with the power to move production to another country

例如
Ford, for example

福特公司曾明确威胁英国工会
clearly threatened British unions with a plan to move manufacturing

除非英国工人放弃那些限制生产力的工作规则
to continental Europe unless British workers abandoned work rules that limited productivity

否则会将生产转移到欧洲大陆
to continental Europe unless British workers abandoned work rules that limited productivity

劳工组织的另一忧虑在于
Another concern of organized labor is that

跨国企业会将高科技的工作留在母国
an international business will keep highly skilled tasks in its home country

而把低技能的工作转移到国外工厂
and farm out only low skilled tasks to foreign plants

在经济条件允许的时候
Such a practice makes it relatively easy for an international business to switch production from

跨国企业的生产在不同地区间的转移会更容易
one location to another as economic conditions warrant.

劳工组织的谈判能力会被削弱
Consequently, the bargaining power of organized labor is once more reduced

最后
A final union concern arises

当跨国企业试图引入母国的雇佣惯例和协议时
when an international business attempts to import employment practices

工会也会产生忧虑
and contractual agreements from its home country

劳工组织担心这会降低其影响力和权威
labor union fears the change will reduce its influence and power

劳工组织采取以下三种方式
Organized labor has responded to

来回应跨国公司日益增强的谈判力
the increased bargaining power of multinational corporations by taking three actions

一 建立国际劳工组织
1.Establishing international labor organizations

二 游说国内立法机构对跨国公司加以限制
2. lobbying for national legislation to restrict multinationals

三 通过联合国等机构实现对跨国企业的国际管理
3. trying to achieve international regulations

三 通过联合国等机构实现对跨国企业的国际管理
on multinationals through such organizations as the United Nations

但事实上
In fact

这些措施并不是很有效
these efforts have not been very successful

20世纪60年代
In the 1960s

劳工组织建立了国际贸易秘书处
organized labor began to establish international trade secretariats (ITSs)

在某些特定行业让各国工会建立联系
to provide worldwide links for national unions in particular industries.

其长远目标是与国际企业进行跨国谈判
The long term goal was to be able to bargain transnationally with multinational firms

然而
However

ITS并未获得真正成功
the ITSs have had virtually no real success

尽管各国工会希望合作
Although national unions may want to cooperate

但他们同时也相互竞争以吸引跨国企业的投资
they also compete with each other to attract investment from international businesses

为成员增加工作机会
and hence jobs for their members

例如
For example

日产公司选择将欧洲生产基地设在大不列颠而不是西班牙的原因
Nissan chose to build its European production facilities in Great Britain rather than Spain was

就是英国工会做出的让步比西班牙工会更大
that the British unions agreed to greater concessions than the Spanish unions did

工会的组织各不相同是建立合作关系的又一大障碍
A further impediment to cooperation has been the wide variation in union structure

各国的行业工会都是独立发展的
Trade unions developed independently in each country

因而工会的组织结构
As a result

意识形态差异很大
the structure and ideology of unions tend to vary significantly from country to country

集体谈判的性质也各异
as does the nature of collective bargaining

例如
For example

英国
in Great Britain

法国和意大利的
France, and Italy

许多工会由左翼社会主义者领导
many unions are controlled by left-wing socialists

与此不同
in contrast

德国
most union leaders in Germany

荷兰和瑞士等国的
the Netherlands, Scandinavia, and Switzerland

许多工会领袖的政治态度要温和得多
are far more moderate politically

各国工会领袖意识形态上的差异使合作非常困难
The ideological gap between union leaders in different countries has made cooperation difficult

工会在其扮演的社会角色
Divergent ideologies are reflected in radically different views about the role of a union in society

及对跨国企业的态度方面有迥然不同的看法
Divergent ideologies are reflected in radically different views about the role of a union in society

这是意识形态差异的反映
and the stance unions should take toward multinationals

跨国公司在处理劳工关系的方式有显著的不同
International businesses differ markedly in their approaches to international labor relations

主要的区别在于
The main difference is

企业中劳工关系活动集中与分散的程度
the degree to which labor relations activities are centralized or decentralized

企业中劳工关系活动集中与分散的程度
the degree to which labor relations activities are centralized or decentralized

由于各国的劳动法规
Because labor laws

工会力量
union power

集体谈判的性质等不相同
and the nature of collective bargaining varied so much from country to country

大多数的跨国公司将国际劳工关系职能
most international businesses have decentralized international labor relations activities

下放到国外子公司中
to their foreign subsidiaries

集中管理不能有效解决在多个不同环境中
There was no way central management could effectively handle the complexity of

同时管理劳工关系的复杂性问题
simultaneously managing labor relations in a number of different environments

但是目前出现集中控制的倾向
However, the trend is toward greater centralized control

这一倾向反映出跨国企业正力图使其全球运作合理化
This trend reflects international firms’ attempts to rationalize their global operations

各行各业日益激烈的竞争使的成本控制对企业越来越重要
The general rise in competitive pressure in industry after industry

各行各业日益激烈的竞争使的成本控制对企业越来越重要
has made it more important for firms to control their costs

由于劳动力成本占企业总成本相当大的比例
Because labor costs account for such a large percentage of total costs

许多公司开始在与工会谈判中
Some firms are now using the threat to move production to

运用转移生产这一威慑性武器来改变工作规则
another country in their negotiations with unions to change work rule

限制工资增长
and limit wage increases

由于这种生产转移涉及大量新投资与工厂关闭问题
Because such a move would involve major new investments and plant closures

谈判策略需要总部管理层的介入
this bargaining tactic requires the input of headquarters management

因此
Thus

劳工关系中的总部介入程度呈上升趋势
the level of centralized input into labor relations is increasing

这一节的内容就是这些
That’s all for today

感谢大家的参与
and thank you for your participation