区域经济一体化的争论在线视频

同学们好
Hello students

我是云南财经大学
I'm Duan Chunjina teacher from the

我是云南财经大学
International Business School Yunnan

国际工商学院的段春锦老师
University of Finance and Economics

今天我们接着学习区域经济一体化
Today we will continue to learn the second section of

第二小节的内容
regional economic integration

首先我们来了解推行区域经济一体化
First, let’s take a look at the benefits of

他有什么样的好处
regional economic integration

从两个角度来看
From two perspectives

第一 经济角度
First from an economic perspective

区域经济一体化
regional economic integration

可以促进世界经济增长
can promote world economic growth

因为国际贸易理论告诉我们
The international trade theories tell us

自由贸易可以使得每一个国家
that free trade will allow countries

都可以按照各自的比较优势
to specialize in the production according

进行专业化生产
to their comparative advantages

从而在国际性的交换中获利
so as to gain profits from international exchange

进而促进世界经济的增长
and thus promote the growth of world economy

而国际投资理论告诉我们
International investment theory tells us

FDI可以将技术
that FDI can transfer technological

营销技能管理技能向东道国进行转移
marketing and managerial know-how to host country

从而促进世界经济增长
so as to promote world economic growth

然而 理论可行不代表现实也可行
Theoretical ideal doesn’t necessary

然而 理论可行不代表现实也可行
mean the reality feasible however

现实中政府往往会出于各种原因
In the real word, governments intervene in

不同程度地介入并阻碍
and block the trade and investment liberalization

贸易和投资自由化的发生
for many reasons

这个我们在
which we have discussed

政府干预国际贸易的章节中讨论过
in the other chapter

这里就不重复
and will not repeat again

这也造成了目前WTO
This brings the difficulties to WTO today

在推进全球化的过程中
to impel the process of

困难重重的局面
globalization

怎么办
What to do then

难道贸易投资自由化
Should the fact that trade

促进经济增长的事实要被彻底忽略吗
and investment liberalization promotes

促进经济增长的事实要被彻底忽略吗
economic growth be completely ignored

答案是否定的
The answer is definitely no

区域经济一体化作为替代方案
The regional economic integration as an alternative

在这个时候挺身而出
stands up and believes that

认为首先通过局部自由化
the globalization can still be achieved eventually

然后逐步扩大
by partial liberalization first

最终仍然可以实现全球化
and then expanded globally

区域经济一体化
Although regional economic integration

虽然违背了WTO的无歧视性原则
violates the non-discrimination principle of WTO

但仍然是被WTO认可的
it is still recognized by WTO

原因就是区域经济一体化
The reason is that regional economic integration

确实可以带来世界经济的增长
can indeed bring the growth of world economy

第二个呢是从政治的角度看
Second from a political perspective

区域经济一体化可以促进地区的
regional economic integration can promote regional

和平稳定
peace and political stability

通过区域经济一体化
Through regional economic integration

区域内邻国间相互依赖的增强
linking neighboring economies

区域内邻国间相互依赖的增强
and making them increasingly depend

有助于促进国家间的政治合作
on each other creates incentives for

有助于促进国家间的政治合作
political cooperation between neighboring states

从而降低了潜在的冲突爆发的风险
and reduces the potential for violent conflict

此外 国家通过区域一体化联盟
In addition by grouping their economies

还可以增强在世界中的政治地位
the countries can enhance their political weight in the world

区域经济一体化也面临着重重的阻力
Regional economic integration is also facing many obstacles

我们刚才从经济的角度和政治的角度
We have just found that regional economic integration is good

都发现
from both economic

区域经济一体化是好的
and political perspectives

但区域经济一体化绝非一帆风顺
regional economy integration has never been easy to achieve

一般认为
There are generally

阻碍一体化推进的原因主要是两个
two main reasons for impediments

一个呢 他认为
First

一体化的推进总会让人受伤
There is always someone injured

就像自由贸易会使得
While a nation as a whole may

参与贸易的每个国家得利
benefit from free trade

但是在国家内部
but within this country

与进口品竞争的产业和工人
the industry and workers that compete with imports

在自由贸易过程中会面临破产和失业
can be hurt from free trade by facing

从而受到伤害
bankruptcy and unemployment

同样 区域经济一体化会使得
Similarly, while regional economic integration

各成员国
allows each member country to

在享受区域内自由贸易利得的同时
enjoy the benefits from free trade within the region

也会使成员国内部
certain groups inside the member countries

一部分人在自由贸易过程中受伤
may lose in the process of free trade

因此 总是会有一部分人
Therefore such groups

反对区域经济的一体化
will oppose regional integration

第二个呢 区域经济一体化会
Second

丧失经济主权
loss of economic sovereignty

我面前面学过的知识告诉我们
What I learned in front of me tells us

高层次的 紧密的区域经济一体化
High-level and closer regional economic integration

要求成员国放弃对货币政策
demands member states to give up

要求成员国放弃对货币政策
some degree of control over monetary

财政政策 以及贸易政策的控制
fiscal and trade policies

这样会使得成员国丧失了
thus depriving of

一定的经济主权
some economic sovereignty

例如欧盟
For example

为了完全达到经济联盟的层次
to achieve full economic union

推出了统一的货币欧元
the European Union introduced a common

推出了统一的货币欧元
currency the euro controlled by a central EU bank

由欧洲中央银行进行
who leads interest rate

统一的主导利率 主导货币发行
currency issuance and the formulation of

以及制定欧洲货币政策等等
European monetary policies

它的权力是独立于各国政府之外的
Its power is independent from

而且高于各国政府
but higher than any individual member government

就使得各国政府的经济主权被削弱
which weakens the economic

就使得各国政府的经济主权被削弱
sovereignty of member governments

丧失经济主权
The loss of economic sovereignty

被认为是阻碍欧盟一体化进程的
has been considered as a major stumbling

主要绊脚石
block to the EU

区域经济一体化有好的一面
Regional economic integration has both good

也有不好的一面
and bad sides

那么到底还要不要推行一体化呢
So should it be impelled at all

经济学家给出了答案
The answer economists say

要不要推进
depends on the outcome

取决于
of a duel between trade creation

贸易创造效应和贸易转移效应决斗
and trade diversion

的结果
effects

让贸易创造和贸易转移决斗之前
Before we make trade creation and trade diversion to duel

我们先搞明白他们是什么东西
let's figure out what do they mean

贸易创造指的呢是
Trade creation

高成本的联盟内的生产商
High-cost domestic producers are replaced

被联盟内低成本的生产商所代替
by low-cost producers within the alliance

所以他会带来联盟内贸易量的增加
resulting in an increase of trade volume

被称为是贸易创造
within the alliance

相当于一体化在联盟内
That means the integration creates

创造出了比
more trade within

不推行一体化更多的贸易量
the union than without integration

所以是一种正的效应
which is a positive effect

贸易转移是什么呢
What is trade diversion

贸易转移是
Trade diversion

低成本的联盟外的供应商
Low-cost external suppliers are replaced

被高成本的联盟内的供应商所替代
by high-cost suppliers within the alliance

带来的是贸易从
The trade volume transfers

低成本的来源向高成本的来源地转移
from low-cost source to high-cost source

所以被称为贸易转移
so it's called trade transfer

是一种负的效应
which is a negative effect

所以我们要不要推进一体化
Therefore, whether or not to impel integration

就取决于正效应和负效应决斗的结果
will depend on the duel between the

就取决于正效应和负效应决斗的结果
positive effect and the negative effect

当贸易创造效应大于贸易转移效应
when the trade creation exceeds the trade diversion

也就是正效应大于负效应的时候
in other words the positive effect

也就是正效应大于负效应的时候
is greater than the negative effect

我们就应该要推行一体化
then integration should be impelled

反之则不行
and vice versa

接下来的内容是介绍当今世界
In the following should be the introduction of

接下来的内容是介绍当今世界
regional economic integration organizations

区域经济一体化的组织
in the world

由于前面的内容使用了较多的篇幅
Because we took too much time

由于前面的内容使用了较多的篇幅
to discuss the previous contents

这部分内容我们就一切从简
we have to shorten this part

简单的介绍一下欧盟
I will just briefly introduce only one

这个比较典型的区域经济一体化组织
typical regional economic integration

这个比较典型的区域经济一体化组织
organization the European Union

欧盟
The European Union

European Union

简称EU
EU for short

欧盟的前身是成立于1951年的
whose forerunner The European Coal and Steel Community

欧洲煤钢共同体
was founded in 1951

在1957年签署了《罗马条约》
In 1957 The Treaty of Rome was signed

成立欧洲共同体
and the European Community was formed

那时候称作是
It was called

European Community

1993年签署了
In 1993

《马斯特里赫特条约》
the Maastricht Treaty was signed

成立了欧洲联盟
and the European Union was established

这个时候呢就开始叫
It was called

European Union

在2004年欧盟东扩
In 2004 the EU expanded eastward

成员国达到26个
enlarged its members into 26

2013年克罗地亚加盟欧盟
With the joining of Croatia in 2013

成员国达到了28个
its member reached 28

这是最顶峰的
This is the pinnacle

到了2020年的1月31日
On January 31 2020

英国正式宣布脱欧
the United Kingdom officially announced its exit

所以呢现在欧盟的成员国是27个
EU’s member reduced to 27 countries

以上是欧盟的简单历史
The above is the brief history of the European Union

那么我们现在现学现用
Let's apply the knowledge of regional

对照一下我们第一节学习的
economic integration we learned in

区域经济一体化层次的内容
this chapter

看看欧盟都经历了哪些一体化层次
to exam what levels of integration the

看看欧盟都经历了哪些一体化层次
European Union has experienced

我们用提问回答的方式来阐述
we use Q&A to explain

欧盟一体化不断加深的过程
the deepening process of European Union integration

第一个问题
First question

欧盟是自由贸易区吗
Is the EU a free trade area

是的 早在1968年的时候
Yes a free trade area was

是的 早在1968年的时候
established as early as 1968

欧盟的各成员国
when the member states

取消了相互之间的关税
abolished their tariffs

这个时候就建立了自由贸易区
on each other

第二个问题
The second question

欧盟是关税同盟吗
Is the EU a customs union

yes

答案是对的
Yes

早在1970年的时候
as early as 1970

各成员国就采取了统一对外关税
the member states adopted a unified external tariff

这就是相当
it has

典型的 羽翼丰满的关税同盟的特征
been a full-fledged customs union

第三个问题
Third question

欧盟是共同市场吗
Is the EU a common market

是的
Yes

欧盟于1985年开始建设共同市场
the European Union started to

欧盟于1985年开始建设共同市场
build common market in 1985

1992年他开始
Till 1992

取消了包括边境控制在内的
the non-tariff barriers includes border controls

各种非关税壁垒
were abolished

这就基本实现了共同市场的条件
the common market conditions were meet

接下来的问题
Next question

欧盟是经济联盟吗
Is the EU a Common Market

是的 但不够完美
Yes but not perfect

欧盟是2002年建立了
The European Union established

欧洲货币联盟

欧洲货币联盟
the European Monetary Union in 2002

European Monetary Union

使用了统一货币欧元
and adopted single currency the euro

但是 欧元区成员国只有18个
but the euro zone includes only 18 members

其余的国家仍然还在使用各自的货币
and the rest still adopt their own currencies

所以说还不够完美
So it is not perfect

再接下来的问题
And then the next question

欧盟是政治联盟吗
Is the EU a Political Union

是的 但也不够完美
Yes but not perfect as well

欧盟已经拥有了很多超国家的机构
The EU has owned a number of supranational apparatus

比如 欧盟委员会
such as the European Commission

专门负责提出并执行欧盟的法律
which is responsible for proposing

专门负责提出并执行欧盟的法律
and enforcing EU legislation

欧盟理事会
The European Council

负责审批欧盟委员会递交的议案
who approves proposals submitted by the Commission

欧洲议会
The European Parliament

负责对各种议案提出修正意见
who proposing amendments to various bills

还有欧洲法院
The Court of Justice

裁定和判决欧盟内违背条约的行为
who adjudicates the breaches of treaties within the EU

这些机构的权利
The power of these institutions is

比任何一个成员国政府的权力还要大
larger than any government of its members

在欧盟内部发挥着越来越大的作用
They play a more and more important role

可以说使得欧盟在一定程度上
and make the EU achieve

实现了政治的联盟
partial political union

但是 这些超国家机构的
However the implement of

各项决议和制度
those supranational apparatus’

他要落实
policy entail to

还得需要委托给各成员国来完成
be entrusted to its members

所以在执行的过程中仍然还有不同的
so in the process of execution different

声音和意见
voices and opinions are heard

导致行动不能完全一致
which leads to discord actions

好了 区域经济一体化的内容呢
Ok that’s all for

在这里就全部讲完了
the regional economic integration

课后希望大家多收集
I hope you guys collect

整理一些当今世界上存在的
more integration organizations

一体化组织
by yourself after class

对照着咱们学习过的内容
and try to apply the knowledge we learned to

分析和体会这些一体化组织的层次
analyze the integration levels of each

以及一体化组织
and the impact it brings to

给成员国带来了哪些方面的变化
member states

通过这种方式
By this way

来加深对所学知识的领会和理解
you will get a better understanding

来加深对所学知识的领会和理解
of regional economic integration

好了 今天的课就到这里
OK that's all for today's class

谢谢观看
Thanks for watching