经济转型的本质和经济变革的意义在线视频

同学们好
Hello classmates

我是国际工商学院的张洪烈老师
I’m Zhang Honglie from the International Business School

接下来
Next

我们来探讨本章第二个重要的主题
let's discuss another important topic of this chapter

经济转型的本质
the nature of economic transformation

其本质就聚焦在
It mainly focuses on

如何向市场经济体制转型
how to transform to a market-based economy system

一般包括以下步骤
which often entails a number of steps

放松管制
deregulation

私有化
privatization

以及创建一个保护产权的法律体系
and the creation of a legal system to safeguard property rights

放松管制( deregulation)包括撤销
Deregulation includes the removal of

在法律上对市场自由运作的限制
legal restrictions on the free operation of the market and

建立私有企业和私有企业经营的方式
the establishment of private enterprises and the manner they operate

例如
For example

大多数实行计划经济的政府
most governments that implement a command economy

会通过国家具体计划对产品价格和生产量实行严格控制
will strictly control product prices and production through specific national plans

它们不允许私有企业
They do not allow private enterprises

在很多领域从事经营活动
to engage in business activities in many areas

严格限制外国企业的直接投资
strictly restrict direct investment by foreign companies

限制国际贸易
and restrict international trade

在这些情况下的放松管制包括取消价格控制
Deregulation in these situations includes removing price controls

让市场供求来决定价格
allowing market supply and demand to determine prices

废除有关禁止建立和
abolishing regulations prohibiting the establishment and

经营私有企业的法规
operation of private enterprises

以及放松或取消对外国企业的
and relaxing or removing restrictions on foreign companies’

直接投资和国际贸易的限制
direct investment and international trade

与放松管制并驾齐驱的
Hand in hand with deregulation

是不断增加的私有化运动
has come a sharp increase in privatization

私有化运动始于20世纪80年代
The privatization movement began in the 1980s during the time of

英国撒切尔夫人时期
prime minister Margaret Thatcher in the Great Britain

就是将国有财产转变为个人所有
which was to transform state-owned property into personal ownership

这一转化常常是通过
This conversion is often carried out through

拍卖出售国有资产进行的
auction sales of state-owned assets

在世界各国实行私有化的过程中
In the process of privatization in countries all over the world

人们越来越认识到
people increasingly realize

简单地将国有资产出售给私人投资者
that simply selling state-owned assets to private investors

并不能保证经济增长
cannot guarantee economic growth

要使私有化真正发挥效用
To make privatization truly effective

必须放松管制
we must deregulate

开放经济
and open the economy

例如
For example

巴西对巴西电信实施私有化时
when Brazil privatized the state-owned telephone monopoly

政府将该公司拆分为四个独立的企业
the government split the company into four independent companies

使其互相竞争
to compete with each other

并取消了外国投资者
and removed the barriers for foreign investors to

进入其电信服务业的壁垒
enter its telecommunication service industry

这一行动确保新的私有企业
This action ensures that new private companies

必须面对激烈的竞争
must face fierce competition

提高经营效率
and improve operating efficiency

从而立足市场
to survive

用法律保护产权并提供合同执行的机制
It is necessary for a sound market economy to protect property rights

是一个健全的市场经济所必需的
by law and provide a mechanism for contract execution

虽然大多数国家已改进商业法规
Although most countries have improved business laws and regulations

但体制的不完善
the imperfections of the system

仍有碍商业合同的正常履行
still hinder the normal performance of commercial contracts

而且法院的执法力度较弱
and the law enforcement of the courts is weak

庭外解决合同争端的手段也很有限
and the means of resolving contract disputes out of court are also very limited

接下来
Next

我们来探讨本章最后一个主题
let's discuss the last topic of this chapter

经济变革的意义
Implications of changing political economy

具体来说就是向市场经济转变的意义
specifically the meaning of transition to a market economy

以及从收益
and from the perspective of benefits

成本
costs

风险平衡的角度看
and risks

哪些国家
and what countries are good choices based on

是未来国际商务活动的好选择
the overall attractiveness of doing business internationally

虽然计划经济依然存在
Although the command economy still exists

并且世界上仍然存在极权化领导
and totalitarian leadership exists in the world

但总的趋势是朝着市场经济和民主制度发展
the general trend is toward a market economy and a democratic system

但是我们依然要看到
But we still have to see that

2008年的美国金融危机导致的全球经济衰退
the global economic recession caused by the 2008 U.S. financial crisis

2020年的新冠肺炎疫情的全球蔓延
and the global spread of the corona-virus epidemic in 2020

引发的全球经济停摆
the global economic shutdown triggered by

利己主义和保守主义蔓延
the spread of egoism and conservatism

不断提醒人们重新审视
continue to remind people to re-examine

西方的政治经济制度
western politics and economic systems

从经济的角度来说
From an economic point of view the market potential of

中国
China

印度
India

越南和其他转型经济国家的市场潜力是如此巨大
Vietnam and other transition economies is so huge

很多跨国公司已经争先恐后
that many multinational companies have rushed to

进入这些市场
enter these markets

然而
However

即使潜在利益很大
even if the potential benefits are great

风险也是存在的
risks still exist

市场经济体系改革带来的一些
Some of the expected economic benefits brought about by the reform of

经济预期利益可能在大国竞争
the market economy system may disappear without a trace in the competition of major powers

政治差异和文化冲突中消失得无影无踪
political differences and cultural conflict

从长期看
From a long-term perspective

投资于世界上新的市场经济的潜在回报是巨大的
the potential returns of investing in the world’s new market economy are huge

同时也伴随着很多的风险和挑战
and at the same time are accompanied by many risks and challenges

这需要全球各国和全球化机构
This requires active cooperation between countries and global organizations around the world

在人类命运共同体的理念推动下积极合作
and working to build a community with a shared future for mankind

来解决这些巨大的挑战
to solve these big challenges

以上就是本章我们需要探讨的全部内容
The above is all that we need to discuss in this chapter

带大家分析了
we analyzed three main topics

经济进步的决定因素
which are the determinants of economic progress

经济转型的本质
the nature of economic transformation,

以及经济变革的意义等三个议题
and Implications of changing political economy

好的
Okay

今天的课程到这里就结束了
today's class is over here

感谢大家的观看
thank you for watching