区域经济一体化的概念及层次在线视频

同学们好
Hi students

我是云南财经大学
I am Duan Chunjin a teacher from

我是云南财经大学
International Business School Yunnan

国际工商学院的段春锦老师
Yunnan University of Finance and Economics

今天我们开始学习
From today we are going to learn

区域经济一体化的内容
the regional economic integration

这部分内容也分为两个小节
It will be divided into two sections

今天学习第一小节的内容
Today we will cover the first section

首先界定一下概念
Let’s define the concept first

什么是区域经济一体化
what is a regional economic integration

教材是这么界定的
The textbook defines it like this

一定地理区域内的国家之间
An agreement among countries within

达成削减阻碍货物 服务和生产要素
a given geographical area to

达成削减阻碍货物 服务和生产要素
reduce tariff and non-tariff barriers

在各国之间自由流动的
that impede the free movement of goods

关税和非关税壁垒的协定
services and factors of production among countries

是不是很复杂
Is it complicated

认识这个概念我们需要把握
To get a better understanding of this concept

以下几个关键词
we need to grasp the following key words

第一个 协定
First Agreement

区域经济一体化
Regional economic integration

他是以协定的形式来体现的
is symbolized in the form of an agreement

是国家之间为削减或者是消除
which is aimed to reduce or eliminate

相互之间贸易壁垒而达成的协定
trade barriers among each other

第二个呢
Second

叫 一定地理区域内的这个概念
Within a certain geographical region

这个关键词
this is the key word

要正确理解这个关键词呢必须要清楚
To understand this keyword correctly

区域经济一体化他强调的是局部
we must bear in mind that regional

区域经济一体化他强调的是局部
economic integration emphasizes the partial region

而不是全部
rather than the whole world

意思是说局部国家之间的协定
that means the agreement is

具有排他性
exclusive and

对协定外的国家他不产生作用
has no effect on the countries outside the agreement

局部国家可以是两个国家
A partial region can home two countries

称为双边 bilateral
then the agreement is called bilateral

也可以是两个以上的国家
or more than two

称为诸边plurilateral
then plurilateral

如果绝大部分国家都签署的协定
If the vast majority of world

如果绝大部分国家都签署的协定
countries signed the agreement

就不是区域经济一体化啦
it will not be regional economic integration

他就是全球化
but the globalization

那么我们就把他称作是多边
the "multilateral” agreement

the "multilateral” agreement

multilateral
the "multilateral” agreement

例如 中瑞自由贸易区
For example the China-Switzerland Free Trade Area

包含中国和瑞士两个国家
is a regional economic integration

包含中国和瑞士两个国家
organization including two countries

是一个双边协定形式的
it is a bilateral agreement between

区域经济一体化组织
China and Switzerland

NAFTA

包含美国 加拿大 墨西哥三个国家
which includes the United States Canada and Mexico

所以他是一个
is an

诸边协定形式的一体化组织
integrated organization by a plurilateral agreement

而CAFTA
While the CAFTA

也就是中国东盟自由贸易协定
the China-Asean free Trade Agreement

包含了10个东南亚国家和中国
includes China and ten South-East Asian countries

但仍然只是一个诸边协定形式的
but is still an integrated body

一体化组织
by a plurilateral agreement

当我们谈到多边体制
When we talk about multilateral institutions

或者是多边协定的时候
or multilateral agreements

一般指的是WTO
we generally refer to the WTO only

希望大家搞清楚这几个概念的区别
I want you guys can clearly identify the

希望大家搞清楚这几个概念的区别
differences between these concepts

这样在看文献的时候才不会犯糊涂
so that you don't get confused when read literatures

第三个关键词
The third key word

削减关税和非关税壁垒
Reducing tariff and non-tariff barriers

这里强调的是签订协议的目的
This description emphasizes the purpose of the agreement

是为了削减成员国之间的贸易壁垒
to reduce trade barriers among member states

从而实现商品、服务和生产要素的
so as to realize the free flow of goods

自由流动
services and factors of production

好了 三个概念搞清楚以后
Well after the three concepts are clarified

我们再回过头来重读一下
now let's get back to the definition of

区域经济一体化的定义
regional economic integration again

是说 一定地理区域内的国家之间
agreements between countries within a geographical area to

达成削减阻碍货物 服务和生产要素
reduce tariff and non-tariff barriers

在各国之间自由流动的
that prevent the free movement of goods

关税和非关税壁垒的协定
movement of goods

这样是不是很清晰了
Isn’t it much clearer now

接下来我们来看看
Let's take a look

the levels of regional economic integration

区域经济一体化的层次
the levels of regional economic integration

我们常常会听到这样一句话
We are often told with

随着区域经济一体化的不断加深
With the deepening of regional economic integration

如何如何。。。。
How how....

或者说
or

随着区域经济一体化进程的不断加快
With the continuous acceleration of

随着区域经济一体化进程的不断加快
regional economic integration

如何如何。。。。
How how....

这些话在提示我们
These types of description remind us that

区域经济一体化是有层次的
regional economy integration has different levels

接下来我们就要来学习
In the following we are going to learn

区域经济一体化从低级到高级
how does the regional economic

区域经济一体化从低级到高级
integration being stratified

是如何进行分层次的
and deepened from the lower level

是如何不断加深的
to the higher

首先我们要说自由贸易区
The first is the Free Trade Area

简称FTA
FTA for short

这是签订了自由贸易协定的
which is a regional economic integration

这是签订了自由贸易协定的
organization that has

区域经济一体化组织
signed a free trade agreement

协定的核心内容是
The core of FTA is

成员国之间自由贸易
that free trade among member countries while

对非成员国
each member country

各成员国可自行设定关税
set its own tariff rates to non-member countries

编个顺口溜就是
In short

对内零关税 对外自设关税
zero tariff within freely setting tariffs to outside

我们举个例子
For example

比如说中日韩自由贸易区的设想
if the China-Japan-South Korea free trade area

如果能够实现
turns into real

那么中日韩三国之间
these three countries would

就可以实现自由贸易
levy zero tariffs to each other

而每个国家对区域外的国家
but each country is free to set its own tariffs to

可以自行设定关税
countries outside this region

FTA是最低层次的区域经济一体化
FTA is the lowest level of regional economic integration

但又属于最普遍 数量最多的一种
but it is the most common and the most numerous

一体化形式
form of integration

根据WTO网站显示
According to the WTO database

截止2020年6月20号
by June 20 2020

超过80%
more than 80 percent

在WTO备案的区域贸易协定
of the regional agreements

都是FTA类型的协定
are FTAs

中国已经签署的FTA包括
China has signed 19 FTAs including

CAFTA

中韩自由贸易区
China-South Korea FTA

中新自由贸易区
and China-Singapore FTA

等19个

正在谈判的有中日韩自由贸易区
The under negotiating agreements

正在谈判的有中日韩自由贸易区
China-Japan-ROK agreement

还有著名的我们的10加6RCEP
and RCEP 10+6

区域全面经济伙伴关系协定
Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement

都是以FTA形式为主的
They are mainly in the form of FTA

第二个层次
The second level

关税同盟
Customs Union

它是说
It means

成员国签署的协定的核心内容是
The core of a Customs Union agreement

成员国签署的协定的核心内容是
signed by member countries is

对内零关税 对外统一关税
zero tariff within united tariff toward outside

也就是说成员国之间是自由贸易
that is free trade between member states

但是对成员国以外的国家
and adopts a

各成员国都使用统一的关税税率
common external tariff rate

可以看得出来
It can be seen that

关税同盟成员国之间的关系更加紧密
the relationship between the member countries

关税同盟成员国之间的关系更加紧密
of the customs union is more closer

比自由贸易区更高一个层次
which is a step farther than the free trade area

现实中关税同盟的组织
In real world the customs unions include

比如说有安第斯共同体
the Andean Community

就是由安第斯山脉脚下的
the four countries at the foot of the Andes

玻利维亚 哥伦比亚
namely Bolivia, Colombia

厄瓜多尔 秘鲁
Ecuador and Peru

四个国家构成这么一个关税同盟
that form such a customs union

下一个层次是
The next level is

共同市场
Common Market

共同市场这个协定核心内容
In addition to the conditions of a Customs Union

他是除了满足关税同盟的条件外
the core of a Common Market agreement allows

还允许生产要素
factors of production to move freely

在成员国之间自由流动
among the member states

也就是说对内零关税 对外统一关税
In short zero tariff within united tariff toward outside

但是我还加了一条
But I added one more

劳动和资本要素可以在成员国之间
free movement of labor and

自由流动
capital

这是一个比较难实现的合作层次
This is not an easy level of cooperation

需要成员国之间在
which demands a

财政政策方面 在货币政策方面
significant degree of harmony and cooperation on fiscal

在就业政策上
monetary

都要有高度协调性
and employment policies

事实上 欧盟曾经长时间都处在
In fact the EU functioned as a

事实上 欧盟曾经长时间都处在
common market for a long time

共同市场的这么一个层次
before move to the next level

现实中的共同市场还有南方共同市场
Mercosur is one of the common markets in real world

著名的Mercosur
Famous Mercosur

目前Mercosur
Currently Mercosur

目前仍然只由4个创始国
It is made up of just four founding members

阿根廷 巴西 巴拉圭 乌拉圭组成
Argentina Brazil Paraguay and Uruguay

玻利维亚还在加入的过程当中
Bolivia is in the process of joining in

委内瑞拉是被无限期终止加入
and Venezuela has been suspended indefinitely

下一个层次
The next level

就是经济联盟
Economic Union

除了具备共同市场的条件之外
In addition to the conditions of a Common Market

经济联盟需要成员国使用
an Economic Union requires a common currency

统一货币 统一税率
harmonization of menbers’ tax rates

统一财政和货币政策
and a common monetary and fiscal policy

也就是说对内零关税 对外统一关税
In short zero tariff within united tariff toward outside

生产要素可以自由流动
free movement of labor and capital

此外我还加了一个
In addition I added one

统一货币 统一税率
common currency tax rates monetary

以及统一与其相关的政策
and fiscal policies

这个合作关系就更加紧密
This partnership will be closer

合作层次就更加的高
the level of cooperation will be even higher

成员国需要在一些经济主权方面
member states need to make concessions on

要做出让步

要做出让步
some economic sovereignty

现实中 欧盟可算作是达到
In the real world the EU can be regarded as

经济联盟层次的一体化组织
an integrated organisation

经济联盟层次的一体化组织
at the level of economic union

但仍然只是一个不完美的经济联盟
but it is still an imperfect economic union

因为
Because

第一 部分成员国仍然在使用
first some of member countries are still using their

自己的货币
own currency

货币还没有实现完全统一
the common currency is not unified completely yet

第二 成员国采取不同税率
second differences in tax rates

以及税制的现象仍然还在存在
and regulations across countries still remain

第三 部分商品市场
third some commodity markets

比如像能源市场
such as the energy market

还没有完全放开
are still not fully deregulated

对吧
right

接下来呢是政治联盟
Next political union

除了具备经济联盟的所有条件以外
In addition to the conditions of an Economic Union

政治联盟还要求联盟有明确的
a Political Union requires a

超国家机构来协调所有成员国的经济
supranational central political

超国家机构来协调所有成员国的经济
apparatus coordinates the economic

社会 对外政策
social and foreign policy of all member states

也就是说对内零关税 对外统一关税
In short zero tariff within united tariff toward outside

生产要素自由流动
free movement of labor and capital

统一货币 税率及其政策
common currency, tax rates, monetary and fiscal policies

还加一条
one more

超国家机构统一管理
supranational central political apparatus

这是区域经济一体化的最高层次
This is the highest level of regional economic integration

一旦完全实现
Once fully realized

政治联盟就类似于一个
a political union is much similar to

实行联邦制的国家
a federal structure country

每个成员国就成了这个国家的一个州
with each member becoming one of the states of this big country

作者的观点认为欧盟目前正在向
According to the author the EU is

局部政治联盟的层次迈进
now on the road toward at least partial political union

因为欧洲议会
because the European Parliament

欧洲理事会
the Council of Europe

等等这些由各成员国政府官员
and other institutions are composed

等等这些由各成员国政府官员
of government officials from

组成的组织和机构
each EU member

在欧盟中的作用越来越大
playing an ever more important role in the EU

越来越具备超国家机构的特征
and have more traits of supranational institutions

以上就是区域经济一体化
The above are the characteristics

以上就是区域经济一体化
of each regional economic integration

从低到高的各层次的特征
levels from lower to higher

简单来总结
To sum up

随着区域经济一体化的不断深入
with the deepening of regional economic integration

一体化组织将从最低层次的
the integrated organization will move gradually from

自由贸易区开始
the lowest level of free trade area

逐渐向关税同盟
to the level of customs union

共同市场 经济联盟
common market economic union

政治联盟的层次不断迈进
common market, economic union

好了 今天就讲到这里
Well that's all for today

谢谢观看
thanks for watching