Video在线视频

Hello 大家好

我是中南大学外国语学院石海英

我们一起学习医学术语

In this unit

we’re going to deal with pharmacology

Pharmacology is the study of the

Discovery properties

and uses of drugs which are substances

used to prevent or treat a disease or condition

So we’ll deconstruct the word

来分析一下这个词

pharmac/o 指的药

-ology是什么什么学

那么接下去会经常碰到pharmac/o这个词根

It contains many subdivisions

subdivisions of study

For example like

medicinal chemistry is the study of

new drug synthesis and the relationship

between chemical structure and biologic effects

Here med has some relationship with medicine

chem/o是指的化学

and an other

the second

is pharmacodynamics

pharmacodynamics involves the study of

a drug’s effects in the body

So it comes from pharmac/o

and pharmac/o

I put a question mark here

这里打一个问号

来看看pharmac/o refers to 药

dynamics是动力学或者力学

dynam/o是一个医学方面的表现力或者动力

-ics专业 学

那我们之后的讲解当中碰到

前面出现过的词根或者是词缀

I’ll put this question mark here

来看一看有没有记住

接下去 pharmacokinetics

pharmac/o means medicine

means drug medicine

kine or kinesi/o or kinet/o

动 表示运动

-ics refers to the study of

So pharmacokinetics is the study of

a drug’s absorption

distribution into body compartments

metabolism and excretion over a period of time

And after that

we’ll come to molecular pharmacology

molecular molecul/o 是分子

molecular是来自mole 团或者是

-cule是指极小的东西

Molecular pharmacology involves the

interaction of drugs and subcellular entities

such as DNA RNA and enzymes

It provides important information about

the mechanism of action of drugs

And well this

chem/o again chemotherapy

chem/o refers to

related to chemistry

Therapy is the way to treat the disease

We know this word

And toxicology tox/o

toxic/o refers to poison毒

后面的

-ology the study of 什么的一个学科

So toxicology is the study of the

harmful effects of drugs and chemicals on the body

Toxicologic studies are conducted in animals

as required by law

before new drugs can be tested in humans

So pharmac/o

pharmacology or pharmacist

pharmacy mainly involves the drug and medicine

And there are three kinds of drug names

It can be divided into 3 different kinds of drug names

One is chemical name

It’s the exact chemical makeup of the drug

It’s usually very long and complicated

But there are also ways to learn this vocabulary

It’s in chemistry

And another is generic name

it’s legal and scientific identification of the drug

generally shorter and less complicated

easier to remember

The third one is brand name

it is the trade mark

It is the private property of the

individual drug manufacturer

It refers to the drugs that

have already got the patent

就是指的专利药

在处方上面

这个标志就是registered drug

已注册的药物

这个是有药监局或者是什么机构认定

他是已经能够合法使用的那种药物

Come to the Route of Administration

There are several routes of administration

The first is the Oral administration

You will swallow it

And then we have sublingual administration

sub-是指在什么下面

sublingual是指的舌下

lingu/o作词根表示舌头

-al是形容词后缀

那么这是舌下的用药

and then the third is Rectal administration

rect/o是词根

是rectum means 直肠

然后-al是形容词后缀

接下来是这个是Parenteral administration

par-和para-这个是其实是同样的

都是一个前缀

但是在元音前和在辅音前会不一样

同样这里加个a也是因为想要能够发音

能够便利于发音

它在什么旁边

enter/o enter/o是肠

那么不经过肠子的

这里是指的注射用药物的这种途径

关于注射用药还有其他的几种

具体来讲

types of parenteral injections and instillation

injection 是向内

ject是投掷 -tion是名字的后缀

那么instillation in- 指向内 still是滴落

and –tion -ion是名词的后缀

Now we’ll move on to these

one by one

the first one is intracavitary instillation 是腔内

cavity 是腔

这个 the second is intradermal injection

intra-是什么内 derma derm是皮肤

再看 -al是一个后缀

是形容词 表示什么什么内的

intradermal是皮内注射

and subcutaneous

sub-是指什么 在什么之下

cutaneous 这个是来自拉丁语的一个词根

是表示皮 皮肤

那么-ous是形容词后缀

再加一个-ly是副词的后缀

subcutaneous injection

这里如果再加一个-ly的话

就是一个副词了

这个后缀还是比较常见的

And next is intramuscular

intra-也是在什么之内

muscul/o是指的肌肉

-al是形容词的后缀

and then intrathecal

intra- 在什么之内

thec是鞘或者是膜

-al是形容词的后缀

这个是鞘内的灌注 instillation

intrathecal instillation

and 最后一个

intravenous injection

intravenous venous是静脉

intra-就是在什么之内

那么它是静脉注射

这些都是注射用药

除此之外

就还有一个Inhalation吸入用

吸入性用药

inhalation是

in-是表示向内 吸入

hale means breathe breathe in

那向外吐气 吸气 呼气

用exhale ex-加hale 表示向外

-tion是一个名词的后缀

the last one is Topical application

topical是主题的

这里是指的点 地方

topical application is applied to

a particular place on or in the body

So in this collective and

word-building-analysis way

we’ll be able to enlarge our vocabulary

more efficiently and much more easily

My lectures

mainly focusing on the approaches of

deconstructing medical terminologies so as

to reach the vast and complicated vocabulary

now is coming to an end

I can just set examples to show you

the way to get over the obstacles

the rest

all depends on your systematic

and efficient study

Please deal with the exercises after you

have watched the video clips

Hope you make it

这个课就到此为止

谢谢大家 再见