当前课程知识点：医学专业英语 > 4. Literature and Documents in Medical Sciences（医学专业不同类型文献及文件的分析） > Reading skills for paragraphs in Medical Papers(医学论文的段落写作特点和阅读) > Video
Hello everyone
welcome to my class
reading of medical literatures
I'm Cherry Chen
from Central South University
So this is the fourth class
In this part
we focus on
医学论文的段落写作特点和阅读
That is reading skills
for paragraphs in medical papers
So we'll divide this part
into three mini lectures
like lexical features
sentence features
and also the reading skills
and the paper for us to read today
is the faces of personalized medicine
a framework
for understanding its meaning and scope
So the lexical features
we would find in the introduction
discussion and conclusion part
the three parts
we our
are usually used
For example
in this sentence
This is in the introduction part
For this article however
we have opted
to take a bottom up approach
by examining what is typically involved
in patient care
So here we find we
is used to refer to the research group
And next sentence
How can we distinguish
personalized medicine
from personalized health care
Here we refers to the general people
So the general public
it refers to the audience
that means
And all in all
we can debate about the best definition
for terms such as personalized medicine
But every new development
will likely force us to reformulate that definition
So here we refers to the research group
and also the professional medical
doctors or researchers
Another feature
we find our is used a lot in these phrases
like our results
our data
our findings
our understanding
our study Ok
These kinds of phrases are usually followed
by the verbs like indicate
demonstrate
illustrates and suggest
So another lexical feature we found use
the word use
is used a lot
but it is usually used as a noun
Okay
But when it is used as a verb
it is usually
in the participle forms
like present participle
现在分词形式
and past participle used
So for example
in this sentence
being tailored
to the individual patients by
use of here use is the noun form
And an example of
the use of is also a noun form
which is used
this is the past participle
right
So another lexical feature
is about the verb associate
in medical
professional medical literature
So we found associated more often
used in negative context
such as pain
disease risk morality
For example
be significantly associated with
or be associated
with an increasing risk of
or be usually in past tense
ok was were independently associated with
And another lexical feature
means the authors would like to use
model verbs a lot
in the discussion and conclusion parts
to refer that they are objective
and they are responsible
for what they are discussing
and what they want to make as a conclusion
For example in this part you find
companion diagnostic tests
are so often used in the literature
that we could even
base on one definition
of personalized medicine on them
So we could means the research group
wants to base one definition on them
And another example
if this type of test
a prognostic test
should be considered
as part of personalized medicine
so this is their suggestion
or their presumption
是他们的前设 预设
如果这一种可以被看作是一部分的话
And another example
it should be clear
大家都应该明确的是
都应该很清楚的是
that the result of test
can be used in different ways
So should here is also
presupposition to give their responsibilities
and their professional tone
And another one
One could argue that the prognostic
and disease
susceptibility tests represent
So the sentence features
the first one
impersonal subjects are used a lot
because we are reading now
the medical papers
So impersonal subjects
means the author wants to be objective
Like this
Most questions in patient care
arise after disease has occurred
And it could be argued that
in any type of information can be
regarded right
So some sentence patterns
are used to avoid to be
absolute and subjective
We can remember them
and find they are quite professional
For example
It's therefore safe to say that
因此我们就可以安全的来说
the domain of personalized
medicine certainly includes
blah blah blah
And another
A possible formulation
for this definition
一个可能的形式是
would be as follows
And another sentence
It should be clear that
So for the cohesion and coherence
the writers
the authors would like to use these devices
like one of
another of
as the linking for the paragraphs
是段落之间的一个连承关系
one
and then you find in the next paragraph
you find the other
And maybe you find the first
and in the next paragraph the second
and in the next paragraph you find the third
And you find however and therefore
at the beginning of some paragraphs
not sentences
paragraphs
And also in the sample
we find
a kind of figure of speech
又看到了修辞格
It is mytonymy
Mytonymy
借代
The sentence here is
although the term personalized medicine
was rechristened somewhat recently
尽管这个名称
或者这一个专有名词个性化的医疗
was rechristened
Rechristen means
in general
ok
in general field
in common fields
在通常情况下呢
它是来自于《圣经》
指的是重新被洗礼
重新施以洗礼
但是到这儿
in the professional field
you find it means rename
重新命名为
Then how can we read
this kind of literature
medical papers
First scan the subheadings
and the subjects
主语
to locate the important
information you want
在看小标题和主语的时候
你就可以定位自己到底重要的信息什么
你想要了解的是什么
And pay attention to the model verbs
to feel the author's tone and attitude
注意一下它使用的情态动词
来感知他的语气以及他的态度 观点
Pay attention to the cohesive devices
to follow the author's logice
因为这些连贯的衔接手段
可以让你感知到他的逻辑是什么
所以要注意这些
cohesive devices
So let's summarize this part
When reading medical papers
getting familiar
with the lexical features
And sentence features
will help you to locate quickly
the useful information
and also
to find the author's attitudes and tone
So your assignments include
read the sample paper
and try to make an outline of it
Compare yours with your classmates
in the second assignment
the second task
is to find a medical paper for your major
Ok
And read and discuss
your reading process
with your teacher
And that's all for this part
Thank you for joining us
-Medicine,Language,English(英语在医学实践中的地位和应用特点)
-Medical English: features and learning strategies(医学专业英语的学习策略和方法)
--Video
-学习资源
-第一章 Medical English: Features and Learnin
-Word-building(构词)
--Video
-Word Analysis (prefixes and suffixes)(单词分析（前缀和后缀）)
--Video
-The body and body parts
--Video
-Systems（系统）
--Video
-Pharmacology(药理)
--Video
-Etymology for medical terms (医学词语词源学的研究)
--Video
-Symbols and abbreviations in medical language(医学实用缩略语和常用医学符号)
--Video
-术语学习——访谈
--Video
-2.Medical Literacy and Terminology (专业术语
-Top-down skill in readings:frame and process(从整体到细节的阅读策略分析)
--Video
-Inferring and referring in reading process(推断和归纳在专业阅读中的运用)
--Video
-Making notes in your learnings(学会做学习的笔记)
--Video
-Making use of reading skills in your life （阅读的类型和技巧介绍）
--Video
-批判性思维——访谈
--Video
-学习资源
--学习资源
-Critical Reading Skills
-Reading Skills for Professional Medical Literature（医学专业文献的语言特点和阅读）
--Video
-Reading skills for paragraphs in Medical Papers(医学论文的段落写作特点和阅读)
--Video
-Reading skills for Articles and Medical Journals(医学专业论文的基本阅读技巧）
--Video
-科技类文献阅读
--Video
-Reading Skills for Medical Teaching Materials(医学专业教材的语言特点和阅读)
--Video
-医学专业文献阅读——访谈
--Video
-学习资源
--html
--html
-4.基础练习1
-4.基础练习2
-4.基础练习3
-Strategies and Techniques in Doctor-patient communicatin 1(医患沟通的策略与技巧 1)
--Video
-Strategies and Techniques in Doctor-patient communicatin 2(医患沟通的策略与技巧 2)
--Video
-Strategies and Techniques in Doctor-patient communicatin 3(医患沟通的策略与技巧 3)
--Video
-Strategies and Techniques in Doctor-patient communicatin 4(医患沟通的策略与技巧 4)
--Video
-Strategies and Techniques in Doctor-patient communicatin 5(医患沟通的策略与技巧 5)
--Video
-Strategies and Techniques in Doctor-patient communicatin 6(医患沟通的策略与技巧 6)
--Video
-Doctor‐patient Communication——访谈
--Video
-5.Communication in Clinic Medicines （医学临
-Medical translation practice: from English to Chinese(医学英语汉译实用策略分析)
--Video
-Translation of traditional Chinese medical literature to English(医学文献的中译英问题研究)
--Video
-Balance and features of Chinese and English cultures in medical communication(医学交流中汉、英语言文化特点的比较分析)
--Video
-Principles and approaches:medical translation(翻译问题： 基本原则和方法)
--Video
-翻译——访谈
--Video
-6.Balance Between Chinese and English: M
-Case History writing（案例历史写作）
--Video
-应用文写作——访谈
--Video
-学习资源
--学习资源
-general introduction to academic writing（学术写作的一般介绍）
--Video
-Proposal writing（提案写作）
--Video
-Abstract writing（摘要写作）
--Video
-The path and features of Medical academic writting 1(医学论文写作的路径和特点介绍 1)
--Video
-Writing of medical literature reviews(医学文献综述的写作)
--Video
-学术写作——访谈
--Video
-写作与学术写作
-communication and Medical Study(交流和医学研究)
--Video
-Attending Professional Medical Conferences(如何参加国际会议)
--Video
-Presenting in Professional Medical Conferences(在国际专业医学会议上的展示问题)
--Video
-Attending An Academic Conference——访谈
--Video
-9.communication and Medical Study--基础训练
