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Public Participation and Environmental Dispute Resolution

COMMENTARY

We were unable to gain free access to this book excerpt for MOOC participants. For those without institutional access, we summarize the main points below.

In Chapter 18 of his book, Environmental Regulation and Impact Assessment, Leonard Ortolano explains the importance of including the public in environmental decision processes and suggests methods for establishing effective two-way dialogue between the public and decision-making agencies. While there are many techniques for accomplishing this, public engagement processes involve both art and science, with each process entailing a unique, case specific set of considerations. 

Ortolano notes that decision-making agencies and citizens may at time have competing objectives. In spite of this, citizen involvement can improve the outcomes of environmental processes in numerous ways from increasing the quality and accuracy of the information included to reducing future conflicts by enhancing the community’s trust in the analysis. The International Association for Impact Assessment offers a “map” of citizen engagement processes ranging from mailings directly to all households, to small workshops or meetings at which citizens can ask questions and note their concerns on maps of the project, to standing advisory committees that work with a developer and the regulatory agency from beginning to end of the EIA process, to online opportunities for citizens to comment on every element of the draft EIA and to engage in facilitated dialogue which is summarized and published as part of the EIS. 

Identifying the “correct” public to involve is crucial.  Good faith processes attempt to include the voices and opinions of broad segments of the public likely to care about and/or be affected by a proposed development. As it is normally infeasible to include very large numbers of people in public meetings, regulatory agencies will normally select representatives who can speak for (and in the same manner as) the different demographic segments of the public. In many cases, a professional (neutral) facilitator can work with the developer and the regulatory agency to ensure that all relevant stakeholders are surveyed and represented. 

While public meetings are the most common form of involvement, Ortolano highlights other methods, such as internet chat rooms and field trips. Using multiple forms of public engagement to widen the scope of the process, diversify feedback, and engage those unable or unwilling to attend traditional meetings has proven successful. 

The San Pedro Creek case details a productive engagement process in which the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers was able to develop a more comprehensive and environmentally sound flood management plan and forestall future conflict by partnering with the affected community. 

Reflection questions:

1. How would you tailor public participation to ensure public inclusion in an EIA process? 

2. What are the most important benefits of including the public in an EIA process? Are there any risks of committing to widespread public engagement? 

3. What can be done to ensure the results of a public engagement process actually find their way into the final EIS and are taken seriously in the overall EIA process?

READING

Public Participation and Environmental Dispute Resolution



下一节:Environmental Impact Assessment for Developing Countries in Asia

返回《Socially-Responsible Real Estate Development: Learning to Use Impact Assessment Tools Effectively》慕课在线视频列表

Socially-Responsible Real Estate Development: Learning to Use Impact Assessment Tools Effectively课程列表：

Introduction to the MIT STLx Series

-Welcome

--Welcome

Get Started

-Course Welcome

--Welcome

--Course Overview

-Entrance Survey

--Entrance Survey

-Entrance Survey

-Learning Objectives

--Learning Objectives

-Course Schedule

--Course Schedule

-Meet Your Course Instructors

--Professor

--Teaching Assistant

-Grading and Completion Criteria

--Grading and Completion

--html

Module 1: Introduction

-Introduction

--Introduction

--The Stakeholders

--DEVELOPER

--ENVIRONMENTALIST

--REGULATOR

--COMMUNITY REPRESENTATIVE

--TECHNICAL EXPERT

--BUSINESS REPRESENTATIVE

--FACILITATOR

--Community Discussion

--Module 1 Animation

-Lectures

--html

--Lecture 1

--Lecture 2

--Key Takeaways

-Readings

--Social Impact Assessment: The State of the Art

--Social Impact Assessment and Public Participation in China

-Developer Interview

--Module 1

--html

-Questions

-Assignment

--html

--Grading Overview

--html

--Submit and Review Peers

--Peer Assessment

-Debrief

--Assignment Debrief

--Discussion 1 - part 1

--Discussion 1 - part 2

--Discuss

Module 2: Environmental Impact Assessment

-Introduction

--Introduction

--Community Discussion

--Module 2 Animation

-Lectures

--EIA Primer

--Lecture 1

--Lecture 2

--Lecture 3

--Key Takeaways

-Readings

--Methods of Environmental Impact Assessment

--Public Participation and Environmental Dispute Resolution

--Environmental Impact Assessment for Developing Countries in Asia

--Importance of Nonobjective Judgements

--Example Environmental Impact Statement

-Developer Interview

--html

--Module 2

--html

-Questions

-Assignment

--html

--Submit and Review Peers

--Peer Assessment

-Debrief

--Assignment Debrief

--Discussion 2 - part 1

--Discussion 2 - part2

--Discuss

Module 3: Social Impact Assessment

-Introduction

--Introduction

--Text

--Module 3 Animation

-Lectures

--SIA Primer

--html

--Lecture 1

--Lecture 2

--Key Takeaways

-Readings

--Introduction to Social Impact Assessment

--Effectiveness in Social Impact Assessment

--Example Social Impact Statement

-Developer Interview

--Video

--Text

-Questions

-Assignment

--INSTRUCTIONS

--Submit and Review Peers

-Debrief

--Assignment Debrief

--Discussion 3 - part1

--Discussion 3 - part 2

--Discuss

Module 4: Case Study: Forest City

-Introduction

--Text

--Module 4 Animation

-Forest City Case Study

--Part 1

--Part 2

--Part 3

--Additional Forest City Information

-Lectures

--Lecture 1

--Lecture 2

--Key Takeaways

-Readings

--Dealing with An Angry Public

--Facility Siting and Public Opposition

-Developer Interview

--Practitioner Perspective

--Module 4

--Text

-Questions

-Assignment

--html

--INSTRUCTIONS

--SCENARIO

-Debrief

--Assignment Debrief

--Discussion 4

--Discuss

Module 5: Applying SIA and EIA in a Socially Responsible Manner

-Introduction

--Introduction

--Community Discussion

--Module 5 Animation

-Lectures

--Lecture 1

--Lecture 2

--Lecture 3

--Key Takeaways

-Readings

--Create More Value

--Why Would Corporations Behave in Socially Responsible Ways?

--Social Impact Assessments of Large Dams Throughout the World

--Environmental Sustainability Principles for the Real Estate Industry

-Developer Interview

--Module 5

--Practitioner Perspective

-Questions

-Assignment

--html

--INSTRUCTIONS

--SCENARIO

-Debrief

--Assignment Debrief

--Discussion 5

--Discussion

Course Wrap Up

-Further Resources

--Further Resources

-Thank You

--Thank you for taking the course

-Acknowledgements

--Acknowledgements

Public Participation and Environmental Dispute Resolution笔记与讨论

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