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04-H-01. Convex Hull Made Easier课程教案、知识点、字幕

好 刚才我们已经从根本上

给出了Voronoi图的

在二维情况下的一个复杂度下界

那么接下来我们来讨论一个

也是非常有意思的问题

也就是说在某些附加条件增加了之后

Voronoi图的难度是否会降低

就像其它的一些结构

比如说我们在第一章讨论的凸包那样

那么这种情况是什么呢

也就是我们这里所说的

在某些时候

我们的输入子集里头是蕴含着一些

排序的信息的

在这种情况下

我们前面已经看到过

比如说像凸包那些问题

确实是可以降低难度的

回顾以下

在凸包那个情况下

如果我们给定的输入几何

是沿着某个方向排序的

比如说y方向

那么我们就可以省去

在Graham scan之前的那个presorting

直接用Graham scan

你应该记得

如果是直接用Graham scan的话

这个方法只需要线性的时间

而不是O(nlogn)

我们来看一下所谓的y有序是什么样的

所谓的y有序实际上就是说

所有的点都是按照高度次序

由低到高这么次序给出来的

这个例子也说明一个现象

就是说我们其实在下x方向

是没有做任何的假定的

所以你可以看到

整个这些点是忽左忽右zig and zag

这么攀升上去的

尽管它的高度是在不的增加的

凸包问题

可以很好的处理这个问题

还记得吗 没错

你可以假想的认为

所有这些点

其实相对于在左侧无穷远的位置上的

那个点而言

是按角度排序的

它们在这个意义上构成一个

star-shaped polygon

所以呢自然就可以直接运用

Graham scan

那这样的一个现象

这样的一种可以获得更高效率的可能

对于Voronoi图来说

是不是也是这样呢

这是个自然要问的问题

我们说很不幸

实际上这个答案是否定的

也就是说很早以前

就已经有人证明过这件事

即便我们的输入的点

是按照高度的次序

由低到高给出来的

我们依然不能够使得

Voronoi图这个问题

从下界的意义上讲的效率

有丝毫的改进

依然必须花费O(nlogn)的时间

在最坏的情况下

你很有可能会跟我

当初第一次听到这个结论一样

觉得非常的困惑

为什么会有这样的差异呢

我们不妨从这样的一个角度

来阐释一下

计算几何课程列表:

00. Introduction

-Before we start

--html

-Evaluation

--html

-Online Judge

--html

-Lecture notes

--html

-Discussion

--html

-A. History of This Course

--00-A. History of This Course

-B. What's Computational Geometry

--00-B. What's Computational Geometry

-B. What's Computational Geometry--作业

-C. How to Learn CG Better

--00-C. How to Learn CG Better

-C. How to Learn CG Better--作业

-D. Why English

--00-D. Why English

01. Convex Hull

-A. Convexity

--01-A-01. Why Convex Hull

--01-A-02. Nails In The Table

--01-A-03. Paint Blending

--01-A-04. Color Space

--01-A-05. Convex Hull

-A. Convexity--作业

-B. Extreme Points

--01-B-01. Extremity

--01-B-02. Strategy

--01-B-03. In-Triangle Test

--01-B-04. To-Left Test

--01-B-05. Determinant

-B. Extreme Points--作业

-C. Extreme Edges

--01-C-01. Definition

--01-C-02. Algorithm

--01-C-03. Demonstration

-C. Extreme Edges--作业

-D. Incremental Construction

--01-D-01. Decrease and Conquer

--01-D-02. In-Convex-Polygon Test

--01-D-03. Why Not Binary Search

--01-D-04. Support-Lines

--01-D-05. Pattern Of Turns

--01-D-06. Exterior/Interior

-D. Incremental Construction--作业

-E. Jarvis March

--01-E-01. Selectionsort

--01-E-02. Strategy

--01-E-03. Coherence

--01-E-04. To-Left Test

--01-E-05. Degeneracy

--01-E-06. Lowest-Then-Leftmost

--01-E-07. Implementation

--01-E-08. Output Sensitivity

-E. Jarvis March--作业

-F. Lower Bound

--01-F-01. Reduction

--01-F-02. CAO Chong's Methodology

--01-F-03. Transitivity

--01-F-04. Reduction: Input

--01-F-05. Reduction: Output

--01-F-06. Sorting ≤_N 2d-CH

-F. Lower Bound--作业

-G. Graham Scan: Algorithm

--01-G-01. Preprocessing

--01-G-02. Scan

--01-G-03. Simplest Cases

-G. Graham Scan: Algorithm--作业

-H. Graham Scan: Example

--01-H-01. Example (1/2)

--01-H-02. Example (2/2)

-H. Graham Scan: Example--作业

-I. Graham Scan: Correctness

--01-I-01. Left Turn

--01-I-02. Right Turn

--01-I-03. Presorting

-I. Graham Scan: Correctness--作业

-J. Graham Scan: Analysis

--01-J-01. Ω(n) Backtracks

--01-J-02. Planarity

--01-J-03. Amortization

--01-J-04. Simplification

-J. Graham Scan: Analysis--作业

-K. Divide-And-Conquer (1)

--01-K-01. Merge

--01-K-02. Common Kernel

--01-K-03. Interior

--01-K-04. Exterior

-K. Divide-And-Conquer (1)--作业

-L. Divide-And-Conquer (2)

--01-L-01. Preprocessing

--01-L-02. Common Tangents

--01-L-03. Topmost + Bottommost ?

--01-L-04. Stitch

--01-L-05. Zig-Zag

--01-L-06. Time Cost

--01-L-07. More Considerations

-L. Divide-And-Conquer (2)--作业

-M. Wrap-Up

--01-M. Wrap-Up

02. Geometric Intersection

-0. Introduction

--02-0. Introduction

-0. Introduction--作业

-A. Preliminary

--02-A-01. EU

--02-A-02. Min-Gap

--02-A-03. Max-Gap

--02-A-04. IEU

-A. Preliminary--作业

-B. Interval Intersection Detection

--02-B-01. Algorithm

--02-B-02. Lower Bound

-B. Interval Intersection Detection--作业

-C. Segment Intersection Reporting

--02-C-01. Brute-force

--02-C-02. Hardness

-C. Segment Intersection Reporting--作业

-D. BO Algorithm: Strategy

--02-D-01. Proximity & Separability

--02-D-02. Comparability & Ordering

--02-D-03. Data Structures

--02-D-04. Possible Cases

-D. BO Algorithm: Strategy--作业

-E. BO Algorithm: Implementation

--02-E-01. Degeneracy

--02-E-02. Event Queue

--02-E-03. Events & Operations

--02-E-04. Sweepline Status

-E. BO Algorithm: Implementation--作业

-F. BO Algorithm: Analysis

--02-F-01. Correctness

--02-F-02. Example

--02-F-03. Retesting

--02-F-04. Complexity of Event Queue

--02-F-05. Complexity of Status Structure

-F. BO Algorithm: Analysis--作业

-G. Convex Polygon Intersection Detection

--02-G-01. Problem Specification

--02-G-02. Monotone Partitioning

--02-G-03. Criterion

--02-G-04. Decrease-And-Conquer

--02-G-05. Example Cases

--02-G-06. Complexity

-G. Convex Polygon Intersection Detection--作业

-H. Edge Chasing

--02-H-01. Eliminating Sickles

--02-H-02. Example

--02-H-03. Analysis

-H. Edge Chasing--作业

-I. Plane Sweeping

--02-I. Plane Sweeping

-I. Plane Sweeping--作业

-J. Halfplane Intersection Construction

--02-J-01. The Problem

--02-J-02. Lower Bound

--02-J-03. Divide-And-Conquer

-J. Halfplane Intersection Construction--作业

03. Triangulation

-0. Methodology

--03-0. Methodology

-0. Methodology--作业

-A. Art Gallery Problem

--03-A-01. Definition

--03-A-02. Lower & Upper Bounds

--03-A-03. Hardness

--03-A-04. Approximation & Classification

-A. Art Gallery Problem--作业

-B. Art Gallery Theorem

--03-B-01. Necessity of floor(n/3)

--03-B-02. Sufficiency by Fan Decomposition

-B. Art Gallery Theorem--作业

-C. Fisk's Proof

--03-C-01. Triangulation

--03-C-02. 3-Coloring

--03-C-03. Domination

--03-C-04. Pigeon-Hole Principle

--03-C-05. Generalization

-C. Fisk's Proof--作业

-D. Orthogonal Polygons

--03-D-01. Necessity of floor(n/4)

--03-D-02. Sufficiency by Convex Quadrilateralization

--03-D-03. Generalization

-D. Orthogonal Polygons--作业

-E. Triangulation

--03-E-01. Existence

--03-E-02. Ear & Mouth

--03-E-03. Two-Ear Theorem

--03-E-04. Well-Order

--03-E-05. Ear Candidate

--03-E-06. Induction

--03-E-07. Well-Order (Again)

--03-E-08. Properties

-E. Triangulation--作业

-F. Triangulating Monotone Polygons

--03-F-01. Monotone Polygon

--03-F-02. Monotonicity Testing

--03-F-03. Strategy

--03-F-04. Stack-Chain Consistency

--03-F-05. Same Side + Reflex

--03-F-06. Same Side + Convex

--03-F-07. Opposite Side

--03-F-08. Example

--03-F-09. Analysis

-F. Triangulating Monotone Polygons--作业

-G. Monotone Decomposition

--03-G-01. Cusps

--03-G-02. Helper

--03-G-03. Helper Candidate

--03-G-04. Sweep-Line Status

--03-G-05. Possible Cases

--03-G-06. Example

--03-G-07. Analysis

-G. Monotone Decomposition--作业

-I. Tetrahedralization

--03-I-01. Polyhedron Decomposition

--03-I-02. Schonhardt's Polyhedron

--03-I-03. Seidel's Polygon

-I. Tetrahedralization--作业

04. Voronoi Diagram

-A. Introduction

--04-A-01. A First Glance

--04-A-02. Dining Halls on Campus

--04-A-03. More Analogies & Applications

--04-A-04. Voronoi

-A. Introduction--作业

-B. Terminologies

--04-B-01. Site & Cell

--04-B-02. Intersecting Halfspaces

--04-B-03. Voronoi Diagram

--04-B-04. Planar Voronoi Diagram

-B. Terminologies--作业

-C. Properties

--04-C-01. Non-Empty Cells

--04-C-02. Empty Disks

--04-C-03. Nearest = Concyclic

--04-C-04. Number of Nearest Sites = Degree

--04-C-05. Split & Merge

-C. Properties--作业

-D. Complexity

--04-D-01. Linearity

--04-D-02. Proof

-D. Complexity--作业

-E. Representation

--04-E-01. Subdivision

--04-E-02. Fary's Theorem

--04-E-03. Representing VD

-E. Representation--作业

-F. DCEL

--04-F-01. Twin Edges

--04-F-02. Half-Edge

--04-F-03. Vertex & Face

--04-F-04. Traversal

--04-F-05. True Or False

--04-F-06. Application

-F. DCEL--作业

-G. Hardness

--04-G-01. 1D Voronoi Diagram

--04-G-02. 2D Voronoi Diagram

--04-G-03. Voronoi Diagram In General Position

-G. Hardness--作业

-H. Sorted Sets

--04-H-01. Convex Hull Made Easier

--04-H-02. Convex Hull As A Combinatorial Structure

--04-H-03. Voronoi Diagram As A Geometric Structure

-H. Sorted Sets--作业

-I. VD_sorted

--04-I-01. ε-Closeness

--04-I-02. Lifting

--04-I-03. Projection

--04-I-04. Case A

--04-I-05. Case B

--04-I-06. Sorting Not Made Easier

-I. VD_sorted--作业

-J. Naive Construction

--J. Naive Construction

-J. Naive Construction--作业

-K. Incremental Construction

--04-K-01. Royal Garden

--04-K-02. Disjoint Union

--04-K-03. Complexity

-K. Incremental Construction--作业

-L. Divide-And-Conquer

--04-L-01. Strategy

--04-L-02. Solving Overlaps

--04-L-03. Contour

--04-L-04. Bisectors

--04-L-05. Y-Monotonicity

--04-L-06. Common Tangents

--04-L-07. Contour Length

--04-L-08. Clip & Stitch

--04-L-09. Intersecting with Cells

--04-L-10. Convexity

--04-L-11. Avoiding Rescans

-L. Divide-And-Conquer--作业

-M. Plane-Sweep

--04-M-01. A First Glance

--04-M-02. Backtracking

--04-M-03. Fortune's Trick

--04-M-04. Frozen Region

--04-M-05. Beach Line

--04-M-06. Lower Envelope

--04-M-07. Break Points

--04-M-08. Events

--04-M-09. Circle Event: What, When & Where

--04-M-10. Circle Event: Why

--04-M-11. Circle Event: How

--04-M-12. Site Event: What

--04-M-13. Site Event: How

-M. Plane-Sweep--作业

05. Delaunay Triangulation

-A. Point Set Triangulation

--05-A-01. Definition

--05-A-02. Edge Flipping

--05-A-03. Upper Bound

--05-A-04. Lower Bound

-A. Point Set Triangulation--作业

-B. Delaunay Triangulation

--05-B-01. Dual Graph

--05-B-02. Triangulation

--05-B-03. Hardness

--05-B-04. History

-B. Delaunay Triangulation--作业

-C. Properties

--05-C-01. Empty Circumcircle

--05-C-02. Empty Circle

--05-C-03. Nearest Neighbor

--05-C-04. Complexity

-C. Properties--作业

-D. Proximity Graph

--05-D-01. Gabriel Graph

--05-D-02. Relative Neighborhood Graph

--05-D-03. Lower Bounds

-D. Proximity Graph--作业

-E. Euclidean Minimum Spanning Tree

--05-E-01. Definition

--05-E-02. Construction

--05-E-03. Subgraph of RNG

--05-E-04. Example

-E. Euclidean Minimum Spanning Tree--作业

-F. Euclidean Traveling Salesman Problem

--05-F-01. Definition

--05-F-02. NP-Hardness

--05-F-03. Approximation

-G. Minimum Weighted Triangulation

--05-G-01. Definition

--05-G-02. Counter-Example

--05-G-03. Hardness

-G. Minimum Weighted Triangulation--作业

-H. Construction

--05-H-01. Subtended Arc

--05-H-02. Angle Vector

--05-H-03. Maximizing The Minimum Angle

--05-H-04. Evolution By Edge Flipping

--05-H-05. Strategies

-H. Construction--作业

-I. RIC With Example

--05-I-01. Idea

--05-I-02. Point Location

--05-I-03. In-Circle Test

--05-I-04. Edge Flipping

--05-I-05. Frontier

--05-I-06. Convergence

-I. RIC With Example--作业

-J. Randomized Incremental Construction

--05-J-01. Recursive Implementation

--05-J-02. Iterative Implementation

--05-J-03. In-Circle Test

--05-J-04. Point Location

-J. Randomized Incremental Construction--作业

-K. RIC Analysis

--05-K-01. Time Cost

--05-K-02. Backward Analysis

--05-K-03. Preconditions

--05-K-04. Types Of Edge Change

--05-K-05. Number Of Edge Changes

--05-K-06. Average Degree

--05-K-07. Number Of Rebucketings

--05-K-08. Probability For Rebucketing

--05-K-09. Expectation

--05-K-10. Further Consideration

06. Point Location

-0. Online/Offline Algorithms

--06-0. Online/Offline Algorithms

-0. Online/Offline Algorithms--作业

-A. Introduction

--06-A-01. Where Am I

--06-A-02. Point Location

--06-A-03. Assumptions For Clarity

--06-A-04. Input Size

--06-A-05. Performance Measurements

--06-A-06. A Global View

-A. Introduction--作业

-B. Slab Method

--06-B-01. Slab Decomposition

--06-B-02. Ordering Trapezoids

--06-B-03. Tree of Trees

--06-B-04. Example

--06-B-05. Query Time

--06-B-06. Preprocessing Time

--06-B-07. Storage Cost

--06-B-08. Worst Case

-B. Slab Method--作业

-C. Persistence

--06-C-01. Ephemeral Structure

--06-C-02. Persistent Structure

--06-C-03. Persistent Slabs

-C. Persistence--作业

-D. Path Copying

--06-D-01. Strategy

--06-D-02. X-Search

--06-D-03. Storage Optimization

-D. Path Copying--作业

-E. Node Copying

--06-E-01. O(1) Rotation

--06-E-02. Strategy

--06-E-03. Why Red-Black

--06-E-04. Linear Space

--06-E-05. Time Penalty

-E. Node Copying--作业

-F. Limited Node Copying

--06-F-01. Idea

--06-F-02. Split

--06-F-03. Complexity

--06-F-04. Recoloring

-G. Kirkpatrick Structure

--06-G-01. Optimal And Simpler

--06-G-02. Triangulation

--06-G-03. Example

--06-G-04. Hierarchy

--06-G-05. Independent Subset

--06-G-06. The More The Better

--06-G-07. The Fewer The Better

--06-G-08. Degree

--06-G-09. Existence Of Independent Subset

--06-G-10. Construction Of Independent Subset

--06-G-11. DAG

-G. Kirkpatrick Structure--作业

-H. Trapezoidal Map

--06-H-01. Ray Shooting

--06-H-02. Decomposition

--06-H-03. Properties & Complexity

--06-H-04. Search Structure: Example

--06-H-05. Search Structure: Nodes

--06-H-06. Search Structure: Performance

-H. Trapezoidal Map--作业

-I. Constructing Trapezoidal Map

--06-I-01. Initialization

--06-I-02. Iteration

--06-I-03. Challenges

--06-I-04. Case 1: Two Endpoints

--06-I-05. Case 2: One Endpoint

--06-I-06. Case 3: No Endpoints

--06-I-07. Example

-J. Performance Of Trapezoidal Map

--06-J-01. Randomization

--06-J-02. Expectation

--06-J-03. Number Of Ray Trimmed

--06-J-04. Number Of Trapezoidals Created (1)

--06-J-05. Number Of Trapezoidals Created (2)

--06-J-06. Time For Point Location

--06-J-07. Size Of Search Structure

--06-J-08. Fixed Query Point + Randomly Created Maps

--06-J-09. Each Single Step

--06-J-10. Probability Of Enclosing Trapezoid Changed

--06-J-11. Query Time

07. Geometric Range Search

-A. Range Query

--07-A-01. 1-Dimensional Range Query

--07-A-02. Brute-force

--07-A-03. Binary Search

--07-A-04. Output Sensitivity

--07-A-05. Planar Range Query

-A. Range Query--作业

-B. BBST

--07-B-01. Structure

--07-B-02. Lowest Common Ancestor

--07-B-03. Query Algorithm

--07-B-04. Complexity (1)

--07-B-05. Complexity (2)

-B. BBST--作业

-C. kd-Tree: Structure

--07-C-01. 2d-Tree

--07-C-02. Example

--07-C-03. Construction

--07-C-04. Example

--07-C-05. Canonical Subsets

-C. kd-Tree: Structure--作业

-D. kd-Tree: Algorithm

--07-D-01. Query

--07-D-02. Example

--07-D-03. Optimization

-D. kd-Tree: Algorithm--作业

-E. kd-Tree: Performance

--07-E-01. Preprocessing Time + Storage

--07-E-02. Query Time

--07-E-03. Beyond 2D

-E. kd-Tree: Performance--作业

-F. Range Tree: Structure

--07-F-01. x-Query + y-Query

--07-F-02. Worst Case

--07-F-03. x-Query * y-Queries

-F. Range Tree: Structure--作业

-G. Range Tree: Query

--07-G-01. Painters' Strategy

--07-G-02. X-Tree

--07-G-03. Y-Trees

--07-G-04. Algorithm

-G. Range Tree: Query--作业

-H. Range Tree: Performance

--07-H-01. Storage

--07-H-02. Preprocessing Time

--07-H-03. Query Time

--07-H-04. Beyond 2D

-H. Range Tree: Performance--作业

-I. Range Tree: Optimization

--07-I-01. Y-Lists

--07-I-02. Coherence

--07-I-03. Idea

--07-I-04. Fractional Cascading

--07-I-05. Complexity

08. Windowing Query

-A. Orthogonal Windowing Query

--08-A-01. Definition

--08-A-02. Classification

-A. Orthogonal Windowing Query--作业

-B. Stabbing Query

--08-B-01. 1D Windowing Query

--08-B-02. Stabbing Query

-C. Interval Tree: Construction

--08-C-01. Median

--08-C-02. Partitioning

--08-C-03. Balance

--08-C-04. Associative Lists

--08-C-05. Complexity

-C. Interval Tree: Construction--作业

-D. Interval Tree: Query

--08-D-01. Algorithm (1)

--08-D-02. Algorithm (2)

--08-D-03. Complexity

-D. Interval Tree: Query--作业

-E. Stabbing With A Segment

--08-E-01. Definition

--08-E-02. Interval Tree

--08-E-03. Query Algorithm (1)

--08-E-04. Query Algorithm (2)

--08-E-05. Overview

--08-E-06. Complexity

-F. Grounded Range Query

--08-F-01. O(n) Space

--08-F-02. 2D-GRQ

--08-F-03. 1D-GRQ Using Range Tree

--08-F-04. 1D-GRQ By Linear Scan

-G. 1D-GRQ Using Heap

--08-G-01. Heap

--08-G-02. Query

--08-G-03. Example

--08-G-04. Complexity

-G. 1D-GRQ Using Heap--作业

-H. Priority Search Tree

--08-H-01. PST = Heap + BBST

--08-H-02. Order Property

--08-H-03. Sibling Partitioning

--08-H-04. Construction

-H. Priority Search Tree--作业

-I. 2D-GRQ Using PST

--08-I-01. Algorithm (1/2)

--08-I-02. Algorithm (2/2)

--08-I-03. Example (1/3)

--08-I-04. Example (2/3)

--08-I-05. Example (3/3)

--08-I-06. Query Time (1/3)

--08-I-07. Query Time (2/3)

--08-I-08. Query Time (3/3)

-I. 2D-GRQ Using PST--作业

-J. Segment Tree

--08-J-01. General Windowing Query

--08-J-02. Elementary Interval

--08-J-03. Discretization

--08-J-04. Worst Case

--08-J-05. BBST

--08-J-06. Solving Stabbing Query

--08-J-07. Worst Case

--08-J-08. Common Ancestor

--08-J-09. Canonical Subsets

--08-J-10. O(nlogn) Space

--08-J-11. Constructing A Segment Tree

--08-J-12. Inserting A Segment (1)

--08-J-13. Inserting A Segment (2)

--08-J-14. Inserting A Segment (3)

--08-J-15. Query Algorithm

--08-J-16. Query Time

-K. Vertical Segment Stabbing Query

--08-K-01. Review

--08-K-02. X-Segment Tree

--08-K-03. Associative Structure

--08-K-04. Vertical Segment Stabbing Query

04-H-01. Convex Hull Made Easier笔记与讨论

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