1.5 民俗中国 Folklore China在线视频

朋友 您好
Hello! friends!

欢迎您《走进中国》
Welcome to the Overview of China

了解更多关于中国的知识
and know more knowledge about China.

今天
Today

我们一起来学习中国的二十四节气和传统节日
we are going to learn the 24 Solar Terms and traditional festivals in China.

中国是农业大国
China is an agricultural country

也是世界上农作物重要的起源地之一
one of the important origin areas of crops in the world.

中国人最早培育了粟和水稻
Chinese people cultivated millet and rice at first.

中国先民很早就利用历法
Chinese ancesters made use of the calendar

来指导农业生产
to guide agricultural production very early

大约从夏朝开始
it was about from the Xia Dynasty

中国的劳动人民就遵循二十四节气
Chinese laboring people had begun to engage in productive activities

开始从事生产活动了
following the 24 Solar Terms.

二十四节气
The 24 Solar Terms

是中国古代劳动人民
is a meteorological calendar summarized

总结出的一套气象历法
by the ancient Chinese laboring people

基本反映了
it basically reflects the law of climate change

黄河中下游流域气候变化的规律
in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River

沿用至今
and still in use today.

那么 二十四节气是怎么来的呢
How did the 24 Solar Terms come into being?

通过视频我们了解到每个月有两个节气
Via video, we got to know there are two solar terms every month

一共有二十四个节气
24 solar terms per year

节气的日期每年稍有变化
and the definite date of every solar term varies slightly from year to year.

有首歌诀可以帮助你记住二十四节气
Here is a verses could help us to remember the 24 Solar Terms.

您记住了吗
Do you remember it?

立春
Li in lichun（Beginning of Spring）

立夏
lixia（Beginning of Summer）

立秋
liqiu (Beginning of Autumn)

立冬的立
and lidong (Beginning of Winter)

表示一年四季每个季节的开始
means the beginning of every season all the year round

春分
Fen in chunfen (Spring Equinox)

秋分的分表示平分
and qiufen (Autumn Equinox) means divide equally

白天夜晚一样长
the length of day and night are same in these solar terms

大暑
Da in dashu(Great Heat)

大寒中的大则表示程度深
and dahan (Great Cold) means deep

分别表示一年中最热的时候和最冷的时候
indicating the hottest and coldest period of the year respectively.

因此
Therefore

中国人有
there is a saying that

冷在三九
Sanjiu(the third nine-day after the Winter Solstice ) period is the coldest

热在三伏的说法
and Sanfu period is the hottest.

惊蛰的蛰就是藏的意思
Zhe in jingzhe(Awaken Insects) means hiding insects

惊蛰大概在三月初
the time of jingzhe(Awaken Insects) is around the beginning of March

冰雪融化
when ice and snow are melt

万物复苏
everything recovery

小虫子们开始四处活动了
and small insects begin to move around

小满就是小麦快要成熟了
xiaoman(Grain Full) means the wheat is about to ripe

到了芒种
when to mangzhong(Grain in Ear)

小麦熟了
the wheat is ripe

也该种水稻了
and it is the time to plant rice.

二十四节气融入了中国传统文化
The 24 solar terms are merged with traditional Chinese culture

包含了人们对四季变化
and contain the scientific summary of change of four seasons

以及转换规律的科学总结
and transformation rules.

是祖先留给人们的一份宝贵遗产
They are a precious legacy left by ancestors

也代表了中国古人的智慧
and represent the wisdom of ancient Chinese people.

那么 二十四节气中
Well, in the 24 solar terms

哪一个既是节气又是节日呢
Which solar term is also a festival ?

清明节
Qingming Festival

二十四节气中只有清明
Only Qingming in the 24 solar terms

既是节气又是节日
is also a festival

还是踏青的好时候
and it is also a good time for outings in spring.

清明时节雨纷纷
Rains fall heavily as Qingming comes

路上行人欲断魂
and passers-by walk with lowered spirits.

清明也是一个祭祀先人的日子
Qingming Festival is also a day to offer sacrifices to ancestors

中国人要缅怀先烈
when Chinese people cherish the memory of the martyrs,

祭奠祖先
pay tribute to their ancestors

和怀念逝去的亲人
and cherish the memory of their dead relatives.

清明节已成为一种寄托
Qingming Festival has become a kind of spiritual ballast

流淌着对过去的思念
flowing with the memory of the past

承载着对未来的期盼
and carrying the hope for the future.

除了清明节
Besides Qingming Festival

还有哪些重要节日呢
what other important festivals are there?

那就是中国的农历新年
That is Chinese New Year

春节了
Spring Festival

这一天对中国人来说是最重要 最热闹的节日
the most important and exciting festival for Chinese people.

相传
According to legend

年是一种凶恶的野兽
nian was a ferocious beast

每年除夕晚上年都会袭击人或牲畜
and had been attacking people or livestock on every New Year eve.

为了驱赶 年
In order to drive away nian

人们利用 年 怕红色
people exploited the weakness of nian being afraid of red

怕声响和怕火光的弱点
loud sound and firelight

在除夕夜 人们在门上贴红纸
pasted red paper on the door

放鞭炮 点灯守夜
set off firecrackers, lighted the lamp the whole New Year eve

年 就再也不敢伤害人了
then nian dare not to hurt people.

于是过年就成了风俗
Thus the Spring Festival has become a custom.

辞旧迎新
Bid farewell to the passing year and usher in the new

除夕守岁
stay up late on New Year eve

包饺子 放鞭炮 发红包
make dumplings, set off firecrackers, send red envelopes,

舞龙狮 逛庙会
play dragon and lion dance, go to temple fair,

拜大年 走亲戚
say a New Year greetings, visit relatives…

欢乐祥和 热闹非凡
joyful and harmonious.

春节文化内涵丰富
Spring Festival has rich cultural connotation

庆贺 祈福 迎春 和谐 团圆
celebrating, blessing, welcoming, harmony and reunion.

回家过年
Go home to celebrate the Spring Festival

也成了中国人共有的默契和心愿
has become a common tacit understanding and wish for Chinese people.

有钱没钱 回家过年
No matter rich or poor, go home for the Spring Festival.

过年可是件大事儿
Spring Festival is a big event

其实中国人
Chinese people begin to prepare for the Spring Festival

从腊月二十三起就开始准备过年了
from the 23rd day of the 12th month of the lunar year

买年货 剪窗花
do spring festival shopping, make paper-cut for window decoration

挂年画 逛花市
hang New Year paintings, stroll around the flower market

备食品 贴春联
prepare food, paste Spring Festival couplets

迎接中国的新年
usher in Chinese New Year.

贴春联
Spring Festival couplets

说起春联
Spring Festival couplets

是指意思上相关 形式上对偶的两句话
refer to two sentences with related meaning and dual form.

分别是上联和下联
Include upper couplet and lower couplet

春联要求两联字数相等 词性一致
Both couplets have equal words and consistent property.

上联贴在门的左边
The first couplet is pasted on the left of the door frame

下联贴在门的右边
and the second on the right.

赶庙会
Temple fair

春节期间
During the Spring Festival

还有很多民俗活动
there are many folk activities

比如赶庙会
such as temple fair

闻名全国的北京厂甸庙会
famous Beijing Changdian temple fair

老北京传统花会
old Beijing traditional flower fair

旧京民俗老照片展
old Beijing folk custom photo exhibition

京剧等传统剧目演出
Beijing Opera and other traditional performance

以及风味小吃等
as well as local snacks and so on.

此外
In addition

南京夫子庙会
Nanjing Confucius Temple Fair

上海城隍庙会
Shanghai City God Temple Fair

成都青年宫庙会
Chengdu Youth Palace Temple Fair

还有郑州城隍庙会也都非常精彩
and Zhengzhou City God Temple Fair are also very excellent

吸引了很多人
and attract a lot of visitors.

春节一直要持续
Spring Festival will not really end

到正月十五元宵节过后 才算真正结束
until the Lantern Festival on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month.

元宵节
Lantern Festival

正月十五闹花灯
Enjoyment of lanterns in the fifteenth day of the first lunar month.

元宵节也叫灯节
So the Lantern Festival is the festival of lanterns

在这一天
On that day

中国人有赏灯
Chinese people have the custom of appreciating lanterns

和吃元宵的习俗
and eating rice glue ball

希望家人团圆 和睦 幸福 圆满
wishing family reunion, harmony, happiness and satisfactory.

中秋节
Mid-autumn Festival

说到团圆
Talking of reunion

不得不提中秋节
the Mid-Autumn Festival must be referred.

八月十五月儿圆
Moon is full on 15th,the eighth lunar month

这一天也是和亲人团圆的时刻
and it is also a time for family reunion.

家人一起赏月 吃月饼
Families enjoy the full moon and eat moon cakes

象征圆满 和美
which symbolizes satisfactory, happiness and harmony.

中国人对月亮有着特殊的情感
Chinese people have special feelings towards the moon

举头望明月
we express our homesick by looking up at the moon

低头思故乡的乡愁
and thinking of their hometown

但愿人长久
and family affection by may we all be blessed with longevity though far apart

千里共婵娟的亲情
we are still able to share the beauty of the moon together

都是透过月亮来表达的
through moon.

端午节
Dragon Boat Festival

五大传统节日的端午节是每年的农历五月初五
Dragon Boat Festival falls on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month.

相传
It is said that

端午节是纪念
the Dragon Boat Festival commemorates

古代伟大爱国诗人屈原的
the ancient great patriotic poet Qu Yuan.

屈原的爱国精神
Qu Yuan’s patriotic spirit

也成了端午节的节魂
has become the soul of the Dragon Boat Festival.

大江南北
On both sides of Yangtze River

人们在端午节时吃棕子
it has become a folk custom for people to eat Zongzi

赛龙舟也成了一种民间风俗
and race dragon boats on the Dragon Boat Festival.

其他节日
Other festivals

中国传统节日
There are also traditional Chinese festivals

还有重阳节 七夕节等
such as Double Ninth Festival, Chinese Valentine’s Day

此外还有少数民族的节日
and other festivals of ethnic minorities

如彝族的火把节
such as Torch Festival of Yi,

蒙古族的那达慕大会
Nadam Festival of Mongolian

傣族的泼水节等
and Water Sprinkling Festival of Dai, etc.

好 今天的民俗中国之旅就到这里
Okay, this is our folk trip to China for today.

让我们稍作休息
Let's have a break

接着开启新的旅程吧
and start a new tour in the following.