4.4.3 中国画的工具及分类 Tools and Classification of Chinese Painting在线视频

朋友 您好
Hello friends

欢迎您走进中国
Welcome to the Overview of China

了解更多关于中国的知识
and know more about China

今天 我们继续了解
Today, we continue to understand

中国绘画的工具及分类
the tools and classifications of Chinese painting

中国的绘画称为
Painting in China is called

中国画
Traditional Chinese painting

简称 国画
Referred to as Chinese Painting

主要指的是
Mainly refers to

用毛笔蘸水 墨 彩等
the use of a brush dipped in water, ink, color, etc.

画在绢 宣纸 帛上
Scroll painting on silk, rice paper,

并加以装裱的卷轴画
sackcloth and mounting

国画是中国的传统绘画形式
Chinese painting is a traditional form of painting in China

绘画工具和材料
Painting tools and materials:

绘画工具和材料主要是
Painting tools and materials are

文房四宝
the Four Treasures of Study

笔 墨 纸 砚
Writing brush, ink stick, paper and ink slab.

此外还有颜料 笔帘
In addition, there are pigments, pen curtains

笔洗 调色碟子
pen wash, and color plates.

乳钵 垫毡 镇尺 界尺等等
Mortar, blanket, paper weight , ruler, etc.

古代绘画中
in ancient paintings

常用朱红色和青色两种颜色
Vermillion and cyan are commonly used

朱红色主要是丹砂矿石颜料
Vermilion is mainly cinnabar ore pigment

因此
Therefore

丹青 成为绘画艺术的代称
Dan Qing became the name of the art of painting

古人把画家称为
The ancients called the painter

丹青手
Dan Qingshou

把优秀画家称为
Calling Outstanding Painters

丹青妙手
Danqing miaoshou

民间则称画工为 丹青师傅
Folks call the painter Master of Danqing

中国画的分类
Classification of Chinese painting

中国画从题材上
Chinese painting from the subject

主要分为人物
It is mainly divided into three categories: people,

花鸟 山水这三类
flowers and birds, and landscapes.

人物画表现的是
Figure painting shows

人与人的关系
the relationship between people

山水画表现的是
Landscape painting expresses

人与自然的关系
the relationship between man and nature

花鸟画表现的是
Flower and bird paintings show that

大自然的各种生命与人类和谐相处
various life in nature and humans live in harmony

这三类构成了
These three categories constitute

宇宙的整体
the whole of the universe

中国画在世界美术领域中
in the world art field

自成体系
Chinese painting is self-contained

从技法上
Technically

中国画可以分为
Chinese painting can be divided into two types

工笔画 写意画两类
meticulous painting and free sketch drawing

工笔画是指描绘工整
Meticulous painting refers to neat

着色精细的画
finely colored painting

写意画是指
Free sketch drawing refers to

用简练粗放的笔墨
using simple and extensive pen and ink

勾画出物体的形象
Outline the image of an object

重在抒发
Paintings focusing on expressing

作者意境的画
the artist's artistic conception

下面我们来欣赏一幅山水画
Let's appreciate a landscape painting

富春山居图
Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains

山水画
Landscape painting

富春山居图
Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains

the first of the Four Painters of the Yuan Dynasty

是 元代四大画家 之首
the first of the Four Painters of the Yuan Dynasty

黄公望的作品
Is the work of Huang Gongwang

画以浙江富春江为背景
Painting with Fuchun River in Zhejiang as background

描绘了两岸初秋的景色
Depicts the scenery of early autumn on both sides

画中的江水 树木 山峰 村落
Rivers trees peaks villages

小桥 渔船等
bridges fishing boats etc. in the painting

都用简单的方式画出
Are drawn in a simple way

画面用墨淡雅
The picture is inked quietly elegant

山和水的布置疏密得当
The mountains and water are well-organized

墨色浓淡干湿并用
Combination of dark, light, dry and wet

极富于变化
Extremely variable

欣赏这幅画
Enjoy the painting

就像坐在船上
It's like sitting on a boat

顺着水流
Following the current

看两岸的风景
Look at the scenery on both sides

随着季节变化而变化
of the Strait changing with the seasons

富春山居图被誉为
Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains is praised as

画中之兰亭
the Lanting in the painting

属国宝级文物
It is a National treasure level cultural relics.

欣赏完山水画
After enjoying the landscape painting

我们再来看一幅人物画
let's look at another figure painting

步辇图
The steps

人物画 步辇图
Figure painting The steps

是唐朝画家
is one of the famous works of

阎立本的名作之一
Tang Dynasty painter Yan Liben

Tang Dynasty painter Yan Liben

描绘的是
Portrayed

公元640年
in 640 AD

吐蕃王松赞干布的使者
Messenger of the Tibetan King Songtsan Gambo

禄东赞
Lu Dongzan

朝见唐太宗李世民时的场景
The scenes when meeting Tang Shizong and Li Shimin

唐太宗端坐在
Emperor Tang Taizong sits on

由六名宫女抬着的步辇上
a chariot carried by six court ladies

另有数名宫女
Several other maids

或掌华盖
Holding canopy

或持扇
Or a fan.

宫女们娇小玲珑
Palace ladies are petite and exquisite

更突出唐太宗的
To highlight the great and strong of

高大硕壮
Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty

禄东赞身着吐蕃民族
Ludongzan wears the Tibetan nationality's

流行的联珠纹袍
popular Beaded Robe

拱手而立向唐太宗致敬
Stand up and salute Tang Taizong.

他举止谦恭
He behaves with humility

敬畏并且沉稳
awe and calmness

矫健的性格中带着质朴粗犷
Simple and rough in a strong character

额头及眼角的皱纹
Wrinkles on forehead and eye corners

表现了他的聪明才智和丰富阅历
Showing his ingenuity and rich experience

生动地刻画出藏族使臣的身份
Vividly depict the identity of Tibetan envoys

和恭敬 机敏的性格特征
And respectful, alert character

全画以细劲的线条塑造人物形象
The whole painting shapes the figure with fine lines

富有变化和表现力
Changeful and expressive

色彩浓重 鲜艳
Strong and vivid colors

是一幅出色的工笔重彩人物画作品
It is an outstanding figure painting

接下来
Next

我们再了解一下花鸟画
let ’s take a look at flower and bird paintings.

花鸟画
Flowers and birds painting

不是只有花鸟
not only refers flowers and birds

还包括常见的动植物
Also includes common flora and fauna

花鸟画的画法
The painting method of flower and bird painting

有 工笔 写意
Including elaborate style , freehand style

兼工带写 三种
and concurrently form

工笔画画得真实
Meticulous painting is real

能教会人
Can teach people

认识身边的动植物
to know the animals and plants around them

写意
Freehand brushwork

就是抓住
Is to grasp the connection between

动植物与人的生活
animals and plants and people's lives,

思想 感情的联系
thoughts and feelings

表达人们的精神追求
Express people's spiritual pursuit

和对美好生活的向往
and longing for a better life

因此
therefore

画中的很多形象
Many of the images in the painting

都具有特别的文化含义
have special cultural meaning

如
For example

画家常常用动植物的自然属性
artists often use the natural attributes of animals and plants

比喻人的社会属性
to compare human social attributes.

高大的松树不畏风寒
Tall pine trees are not afraid of the cold

被比喻为英雄
Be likened to a hero

矮小的荆棘多刺
Small thorns

被比喻为小人
Be Compared to a villain

有的花鸟画
Some flower and bird paintings

表达了追求幸福生活的愿望
express the desire for a happy life

有的表达了作者
Some express the author's feelings

对人生 世事的感怀
about life and world affairs

如四君子画
Like the painting of four gentlemen

“四君子”指的是
Four Gentlemen refers to

梅兰竹菊四种植物
four plants of plum, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum

君子 是指有道德的人
Gentleman refers to a moral person

梅花 在寒冷的冬天开放
Plum blossom, open in cold winter

表示坚强
Expressing strong

兰花 长在深谷
Orchid, growing in deep valley

表示不追求名利
Show no pursuit of fame and wealth

菊花
Chrysanthemum

颜色和香味都淡
light in color and fragrance

表示高洁
Representing noble and unsullied

竹子 竹心是空的
Bamboo, it heart is empty

表示谦虚
Expressing modesty

竹节是直的
It joint is straight,

表示正直
which means integrity.

这些都是文人品格的象征
These are the symbols of literati's character

花鸟画的创作
The creation of flower and bird painting

表达了作者的内在思想与追求
It expresses the author's inner thought and pursuit

对人们的志趣
It will have an impact on people's interest,

情操与精神生活将会产生影响
sentiment and spiritual life

因此在欣赏花鸟画时
So when we appreciate the flower and bird paintings

不仅要看画的形象
Not only the image of the painting

看形象所表达的个性 品格
Look at the personality, character

看形象所表达的个性 品格
and emotion expressed by images

情感
and emotion expressed by images

还要感悟形象背后蕴含的文化
But also to understand the culture behind the image

中国古代皇帝比较喜欢画花鸟画
Ancient Chinese emperors preferred to draw flowers and birds

如
For example:

北宋皇帝宋徽宗赵佶的
the painting of hibiscus and golden pheasant by Zhao Ji

芙蓉锦鸡图
Emperor Huizong of the Northern Song Dynasty

在这幅作品的画面中
In the picture of this work

两枝芙蓉花从左侧斜伸出来
Two hibiscus flowers slant out from the left

一只锦鸡飞落在芙蓉枝上
A golden pheasant falls on the hibiscus branch

枝头被压弯了腰
The branches were bent over

叶子也随势摇摆,颤抖
The leaves sway and tremble

那锦鸡蓦然回首
The golden pheasant suddenly looks back

盯着右上方翩翩起舞的蝴蝶
Staring at the dancing butterfly on the top right

并做出下蹲飞扑的姿态
And make a squat and swoop gesture

似有跃跃欲试之感
Seems to be eager to try.

画面左下角
A few daisies slant out from

斜伸出几枝雏菊
the lower left corner of the screen

既填补了左下角画面的空白
It fills in the blank in the lower left corner

又增加了几分秋天的气息
Added a little bit of autumn

让整幅画面看上去上下相行
It fills in the blank in the lower left corner

左右相随 错落有致
The left and right sides are well-spaced

作品通过刹那间的动态
Works through the momentary dynamics

把花 鸟 蝶三者紧密联系在一起
Connect flowers, birds and butterflies closely

形成富有生活情趣的意境
Form artistic conception full of life interest

画的右上方
At the top right of the picture is

有他用瘦金体题写的一首诗
a poem he wrote in thin gold

目的是借鸡的
The purpose is to publicize

五种自然天性
the five moral qualities of human beings

宣扬人的五种道德品性
through the five natural natures of chickens

这也是他对大臣的要求
This is what he asked of the minister

好 关于中国画的工具和分类我们先了解到这里
OK, we have learned about the tools and classification of Chinese painting.

谢谢
Thank you