3.2.2 中国古代数学和天文学 Ancient Chinese mathematical astronomy在线视频

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Hello! Welcome to the Overview of China

了解更多关于中国的知识
and know more about China

今天我们来学习中国古代科技中的数学和天文学成就
Today we are going to learn about the achievements of mathematics and astronomy in ancient Chinese science and technology

数学是中国古代科学中的一门重要学科
Mathematics is an important subject in ancient Chinese science

其发展源远流长
Its development has a long history

成就辉煌
And brilliant achievements

传说 伏羲创造了画圆的 规
In the legends, Fuxi created a circle of``rules''

画方的 矩
the "moment" of the drawing square

也有说是黄帝的臣子倕
Also has is the yellow emperor's courtiers chui

是 规矩 和 准绳 的发明人
Is the inventor of "rules" and "moment"

因此
Therefore

可以说规 矩 准 绳是中国先民最早使用的数学工具
It can be said that "rule", "moment", "quasi" and "rope" are the earliest mathematical tools used by Chinese ancestors

这些词汇在我们现在的生活中经常被提起和使用
These words are often mentioned and used in our present life

如 没有规矩 不成方圆 等
Such as "no rules, no square", and so on.

九章算术
nine chapters on mathematical procedures

汉代的九章算术是中国古代第一部数学专著
The nine chapters on mathematical procedures of the Han Dynasty is the first book of mathematics in ancient China

首次提出了四则运算
For the first time, four arithmetic operations are put forward

其许多成就居世界领先地位
Many of its achievements are the world's leading position

为此后一千多年中国数学位居世界前列奠定了基础
It laid the foundation for Chinese mathematics to rank at the forefront of the world for more than a thousand years

在此之前的周髀算经
Before that, Zhou Bi Suanjing.

首次提出了勾股定理和分数的概念
The concepts of Pythagorean theorem and fraction are put forward for the first time.

圆周率
Circumference ratio

魏晋时期
In Wei and Jin dynasties

刘徽的九章算术注
Notes to nine chapters on arithmetic by liu hui

首创了割圆术求圆周率的正确方法
The correct method of circumferential rate is first created.

南北朝时期的祖冲之在此基础上
On the Basis of Tsu Chung-Chi in the Northern and Southern Dynasties

经过反复计算
Tsu Chung-Chi

将圆周率推算到3.1415926至3.1415927之间
Calculate the circumference to between 3.1415926 and 3.1415927

被称为祖率
It's called the Tsu rate.

他对机械深有研究
He has a deep study of machinery

制造过水磨 指南车 千里船和漏壶等
Made water mills, compass cars, thousands of miles of boats and leaky pots, etc.

并著有缀术
And he wrote the book, Zhuishu

其内容十分深奥
Its content is very esoteric

反映了中国古代数学高度发展的水平
It reflects the highly developed level of ancient Chinese mathematics

今天在月球背面有一座环形山就是用他的名字命名的
Today there is a crater on the far side of the moon named after him

被称为祖冲之环形山
Known as the "Zuchong of the crater."

珠算
The abacus

算盘是中国人在算筹的基础上
The abacus is on the basis of the calculation by the Chinese

发明创造的一种简便的计算工具
Invented a simple calculation tool

起源于北宋时期
It originated from the Northern Song Dynasty.

算筹就是用来计算的小木棍
It is a small wooden stick to be used to calculate

算盘则是由小木棍和珠子组成的计算器
The abacus is a calculator made up of small wooden sticks and beads

由于算盘小巧灵活
Because it is small and flexible

加上计算口诀
adding a formula to the calculation

使计算速度远快于笔算
making the calculation much faster than the manual calculation

这种利用算盘计算的方法
This method of calculating using an abacus.

叫做珠算
was called abacus

在电脑被发明前
Before the computer was invented

是中国运用最广的计算工具
is the most widely used computing tool in China

珠算不仅准确快捷
Abacus is not only accurate and fast

还可以锻炼思维
but also can exercise the mind

今天在中国很多地方
There are many places in China today

珠心算仍在中小学里广泛使用
Where abacus is still widely used in primary and secondary schools

算盘还流传到了朝鲜 日本等地区
The abacus is also spread to areas such as North Korea and Japan

2013年被列入世界人类非物质文化遗产名录
In 2013, it was listed on the world intangible cultural heritage list

天文学
Astronomy

天象观测
Astronomical observation

中国人很早就注意观察天象
Chinese people have long been paying attention to observing the image of the sky

有着世界最早最完整的天象观测记录
And it has the earliest and most complete celestial observation records in the world.

春秋战国时期
In the period of the Spring and Autumn and the Warring

天文学已经取得了相当高的成就
Astronomy has made considerable achievements

公元前613年鲁国的史书 春秋 就有哈雷彗星的记录
Halley's Comet was recorded in the history book Spring and Autumn of Lu in 613 BC.

这是世界上关于哈雷彗星最早的记录
This is the world's earliest record of Halley's comet.

1973年
In 1973

在湖南长沙马王堆汉墓中出土了世界上最古老的彗星图
The oldest comets in the world were unearthed in the Han Tomb of Mawangdui, Changsha, Hunan Province

现今
Nowadays

在中国保存完好的观星台
The well-preserved viewing platforms in China

有河南登封观星台和北京古观象台
have the Dengfeng Observatory in Henan and the Beijing Guanyan Station

甘石星经
Ganshi Star Sutra

在观测天象的同时
While observing the celestial phenomena

中国人还注重天文学著作的编写
The Chinese also pay attention to the compilation of astronomical works

战国时期的甘德著有 天文星占
In the Warring States Period, Gande wrote the celestial astrology

石申著有 天文
Shi shen wrote the book of astronomy

后人将二者的著作合为一部
Later generations combined the works of the two into one

称作 甘石星经
Which is called Ganshi Star Sutra.

这是世界上现存最早的一部天文学著作
This is the earliest existing astronomical work in the world

授时历
Shoushi Calendar

中国古人通过观测天象
By observing celestial phenomena, the ancients of China

掌握日月星辰的规律
mastered the law of the sun and moon

用来确定四季
And was used to determine the four seasons.

编订历法
Compile the calendar

以便于安排农业生产和生活
In order to facilitate the arrangement of agricultural production and life

1280年 元代郭守敬编订的授时历
In 1280, Guo Shoujing in the Yuan Dynasty compiled the Shoushi Calendar

采用一年为365.2425天
Use for 365.2425 days per year

与现行公历仅差25.92秒
It is only 25.92 seconds short of the current Gregorian calendar

和现代世界通用的公历完全相同
It's exactly the same as the Gregorian calendar, which is common in the modern world.

比欧洲早了300年
300 years earlier than in Europe

好
OK!

中国古代科技中的数学和天文学成就我们先学到这里
That's all we have to say about the mathematics and astronomy achievements in ancient Chinese science and technology

谢谢
Thank you！