4.1.1 《诗经》和《离骚》Book of Songs and Li Sao在线视频

朋友 您好
Hello my friends

欢迎您走进中国
Welcome to The Overview of China

了解更多关于中国的知识
We will learn more about China.

今天
Today,

我们一起来欣赏中国文学的魅力
We are going to appreciate the charm of Chinese literature.

文学是由人创作的
Literature is an art form created by people

反映人们生活方方面面的一种艺术形式
and reflecting all aspects of people's lives.

所以
Therefore,

如果你要了解一个国家
If you want to understand a country

或者这个国家的深层文化
or the deep culture of the country,

一定离不开文学
you cannot do without literature.

中国文学艺术源远流长
Chinese literature and art have a long history

内容极其丰富
with extremely rich content

形式有诗歌 散文 小说等
taking the form being poem, prose, novel, and so on.

中国文学可以分为
Chinese literature can be divided into

古代文学
ancient literature,

现代文学与当代文学
modern literature, and contemporary literature.

现代文学主要成就是小说
The main achievements of modern literature are novels,

主要以鲁迅 郭沫若 茅盾等为代表
which are mainly represented by Lu Xun, Guo Moruo and Mao Dun.

当代文学
Contemporary literature

则以具有独立思想的中国自由文学为标志
is marked by Chinese liberalism with independent thoughts.

中国古代文学
Ancient Chinese literature,

作为中华文明宝贵的文化遗产
as a valuable cultural heritage of Chinese civilization,

形式多样
has various forms,

有上古时期的神话传说
including myths and legends from ancient times.

先秦时期的散文
These consist of proses in the pre-Qin Period,

两汉时期的
in the Western Han and Eastern Han Dynasties;

辞赋和乐府民歌
Ci Fu and music-bureau folk songs,

魏晋南北朝时期的诗歌
and poems in the Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties,

还有唐诗
as well as poetry of the Tang Dynasty;

宋词
Ci poetry of the Song Dynasty;

元曲
verses of the Yuan Dynasty, and novels

明清小说等
of the Ming and Qing Dynasties and so on.

下面我们就来欣赏一些有代表性的文学作品
Let's take a look at some typical literary works.

诗经 和 离骚
The Book of Songs and Li Sao

代表着先秦诗歌的最高成就
represented the highest achievement of poetry of the pre-Qin Period

对后世文学有着深远的影响
and had a far-reaching impact on later literature.

诗经
The Book of Songs

诗经
The Book of Songs

是中国最早的一部诗歌总集
was the earliest collection of poems in China.

收录了从西周初年到春秋中叶
It collected 305 poems in over 500 years,

大约500年间的305篇诗歌作品
from the early Western Zhou Dynasty to the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period,

分为风 雅 颂三类
which were divided into three categories Feng Ya and Song.

风 是指各诸侯国的地方音乐
Feng refers to the local music of various vassal states;

雅 是指在朝廷上使用的乐歌
Ya refers to the music used in the royal court

也称宫廷音乐
also known as court music.

颂 是指祭祀时使用的舞曲
Song refers to the dance music used in sacrifice.

诗经中收录的诗歌
The poems in The Book of Songs

都是乐曲的歌词
are lyrics of the music,

可以与音乐 舞蹈结合在一起进行吟诵
and can be chanted in combination with music and dance.

一般是四个字为一句
There are generally four characters for a sentence

称为四言体
known as the four-character style.

如 蒹葭苍苍 白露为霜
For example, Green, green the reed, dew and frost gleam.

所谓伊人 在水一方
Where’s she I need? Beyond the stream.

诗经的内容很丰富
The Book of Songs was rich in content

反映了劳动与爱情
and reflected labor and love,

战争与徭役
war and serfdom,

压迫与反抗
oppression and rebellion,

风俗与婚姻
custom and marriage,

祭祖与宴会等
ancestor worship and banquets, etc.,

是周代社会生活的一面镜子
Serving as a mirror of the social life of Zhou Dynasty,

它奠定了中国诗歌的现实主义传统
it has established the realistic tradition of Chinese poetry.

下面我们就来欣赏
Now let's listen to Cooing and Wooing,

诗经中的第一首诗 关雎
the first poem in The Book of Songs.

这是一首描写男女恋爱的情诗
This is a love poem about a man and a woman in love.

关雎 节选
Cooing And Wooing Excerpts

关关雎鸠 在河之洲
By riverside a pair of turtledoves are cooing;

窈窕淑女 君子好逑
A good young man is wooing a fair maiden he loves.

参差荇菜 左右流之
Water flows left and right of cress long here, short there;

窈窕淑女 寤寐求之
The youth yearns day and night for the good maiden fair.

求之不得 寤寐思服
His yearning grows so strong, he cannot fall asleep.

悠哉悠哉 辗转反侧
But tosses all night long, so deep in love, so deep!

雎鸠 据说是一种水鸟
Turtledove is said to be a kind of water birds,

会发出 关关 的叫声
has a cooing cry,

也是一种爱情鸟
and is also a kind of love bird.

这首诗写的是一位男子
This poem wrote about a man who

在河边看到相爱的雎鸠
saw turtledoves falling in love by the riverside,

又遇到了一位采摘荇菜的姑娘
and then met a girl who was picking nymphoides peltatum.

因姑娘的勤劳 美貌和娴静而动心
He felt a strong feeling of affection

引起了强烈的爱慕之情
for the girl's hardworking, beauty, and demureness.

引起了强烈的爱慕之情

这首诗描写了这位男子
It described the distress of the man

得不到淑女时心里的苦恼
when failing to get a lady

翻来覆去睡不着觉
and he tossed and turned all night.

得到淑女后很开心
After getting the lady, he was very happy,

并奏起音乐来庆贺
and played music to celebrate.

现在 窈窕淑女 君子好逑
Now, There is a lady whom a good young man is wooing

已经成为经久流传的佳句
has become a popular saying,

淑女 也成为女子的美称
and the lady has also become a good name for the women.

接下来我们再来欣赏一首
Now let's look at a poem

诗经 中士兵返乡的诗歌
from The Book of Songs describing a soldier returning home.

采薇 节选
Homecoming after the War Excerpts

昔我往矣 杨柳依依
When I left here, willows shed tear.

今我来思 雨雪霏霏
Now I come back, on snowy track.

行道迟迟 载渴载饥
Long, long the way, hard, hard the day.

我心伤悲 莫知我哀
My grief o-er flows, who knows? Who knows!

这首诗的意思是
The meaning of this poem is,

回想当初出征的时候
thinking back to the time when I went to the war

还是杨柳依依随风吹拂的春天
it was still spring with blowing willows

现如今回来的路上
Now on the way back,

已是满天大雪纷飞的冬天
it is a snowy winter.

而且回家的路又泥泞难走
And the way back home was full of muddy difficulties:

又渴又饿 劳累不堪
thirst, hunger, fatigue,

满心伤感 满腔悲愤
sorrow and grief.

这其中的哀痛谁又能够体会呢
who can understand the grief?

这首诗把士兵的思乡
The poem made a very deep capture of the soldier's homesickness,

厌战及对和平的期望描写得非常深刻
war weariness, and desire for peace.

昔我往矣 杨柳依依
When I left here, willows shed tears.

今我来思 雨雪霏霏
Now I come back, on snowy track.

抒写了当年出征和今日生还
It described the scenery and feelings of those two special moments

这两种特定时刻的景物和情怀
when the soldier went to the war and survived today,

言浅意深
It was of shallow words but deep meaning,

情景交融
with the scenery and feelings depicted in perfect harmony,

历来被认为是
and it has always been regarded as

诗经 中的名诗名句之一
one of the famous poems in The Book of Songs.

其中
Among which

杨柳依依 和 雨雪霏霏
willows shed tear and on snowy track

也成为后世
has also become a good sentence

描绘春天和冬天写景的佳句
to describe the scenery in spring and winter.

离骚
Li Sao

楚辞 是战国时期
The Songs of Chu was a new type of poetry

以楚地民歌为基础创造的
created on the basis of folk songs in the Chu Region

一种新的诗歌体裁
during the Warring States Period.

开创了中国浪漫主义文学传统
It started the Chinese romantic literary tradition.

离骚 是楚辞的代表作品
Li Sao was a representative work of The Songs of Chu.

屈原的 离骚 是中国古代第一首抒情诗
Li Sao by Qu Yuan was the first

也是最长的抒情诗
and the longest lyric poem in ancient China.

离 是遭遇 远离的意思
Li means encounter and get away

骚 是不满 忧愤的意思
while Sao means discontent, worry and indignance.

作品以强烈的感情
With strong feelings,

表现了屈原对祖国的热爱
the work showed Qu Yuan's love for the motherland,

对理想的追求
the pursuit for ideals,

对黑暗的批判
the criticism of the dark,

对黑暗的批判
the criticism of the dark,

对坏人的仇恨
and the hatred for bad people.

反映了屈原光辉的人格和坚持真理
It reflected the brilliant personality of Qu Yuan

追求真理的不屈精神
and his unyielding spirit of sticking to the truth and pursuing the truth.

屈原是一位伟大的爱国主义诗人
Qu Yuan was a great patriotic poet.

他的诗抒发了忧国忧民的情怀
his poems expressed his concern for the country and the people,

以及无法施展抱负的愤懑之情
and his resentment at being unable to exert his ambition.

离骚 打破了
Li Sao broke the limitation of

诗经 以来 四言体 的限制
four-character style since The Book of Songs

采取了比较自由的长短句形式
and it took the form of long and short sentences with more freedom,

想象丰富 感情强烈
with rich in imagination and strong feelings,

大量运用了对比 夸张
and a large number of contrast

等艺术手法
exaggeration and other artistic techniques,

感染力非常强
thus having a very strong appeal.

离骚 的出现创造了一种新的诗体
The emergence of Li Sao has created a new poetic style --

骚体诗
the style of Li Sao.

诗中的每一句
With each sentence in the poem

都带有 兮 字
is accompanied the word Xi,

这样读起来有种特殊的节奏和情调
which gives it a special rhythm and mood.

比如 路漫漫其修远兮
For example, the way ahead is long and has no ending,

吾将上下而求索
yet high and low I'll search with my will unbending,

意思是前方的道路曲折漫长
which means that the road ahead is long and tortuous,

我将不断地去追求和探索
and I will keep pursuing and exploring

永不放弃
and never give up.

在中国文学史上
In the history of Chinese literature,

诗经 是现实主义文学的源头
the Book of Songs was the source of realistic literature, while

离骚 是浪漫主义文学的源头
Li Sao was the source of romantic literature;

它们占据着很高的地位
both enjoyed a very high position.

因此
Therefore,

后世将 诗经·国风 和 楚辞·离骚
The Book of Songs · Guofeng and The Songs of Chu · Li Sao

并称为
are referred to

中国诗歌史上的 风骚
as Fengsao in the history of Chinese poetry by later generations.

现在人们用 风骚
Now people use the term "Fengsao"

来泛称文学
to refer to literature in general, and

若在文坛居于领袖地位
if in a leading position in the literary world

或在某方面领先
or in a certain aspect,

就叫 领风骚
it is called leading the trend

也可以说 独领风骚
and can also be said to take the lead.

好
Ok

关于 诗经 和 离骚 我们先欣赏到这里
That's all for our appreciation of The Book of Songs and Li Sao.

谢谢
thank you!