2.2.2 中国传统民居 Traditional Chinese houses在线视频

朋友 您好
Hello! Friends!

欢迎您 走进中国
Welcome to the Overview of China

了解更多关于中国的知识
In this video, you will learn more about China.

今天 我们来一起来学习中国的传统民居
Today Let's learn about traditional Chinese dwellings.

中国传统民居
Traditional Chinese Dwellings

与中国传统官式建筑的
Different from traditional Chinese official buildings

规模宏大
which are grand in scale

庄严肃穆
solemn and magnificent

讲究等级不同
particular about different classes.

中国传统民居的最大特点
the biggest characteristics of traditional Chinese dwellings

是就地取材 因地制宜
is local materials and measures according to local conditions.

由于中国幅员辽阔
Due to the vast territory

地理环境不同
and different geographical environment in China

中国的先民们便充分利用自己所在地的自然资源
Chinese ancestors made full use of their local natural resources

形成了具有浓郁地域特色的民居
to form dwellings with strong regional characteristics

其平面布局 结构方法
whose plane layout, structural methods,

造型和细部特征各不相同
modeling and detailed features are different.

有森林的地方
Where there are forests

人们就构建以木材为主的住宅建筑
people build wood-based residential buildings

在缺少树木的黄土高原
in the loess plateau where trees are scarce

人们就开挖窑洞
people dug caves

平原地区就建高墙大院
courtyards with high walls were built in the plains

多雨水的地方就建干栏式和穿斗式建筑
stilt style and column and tie buildings were built in rainy regions

频遭侵扰的地方就建造防御性的土楼
defensive earth buildings were built in the frequently invaded place

有毒蛇猛兽出没的地方就建成吊脚楼
stilted buildings were built in the place where poisonous snakes and beasts haunt.

下面
Next

我们就来了解一下北方汉民族民居建筑的代表
we will learn the representative of residential building of Han nationality in the north

山西平遥古城
Shanxi Pingyao Ancient City.

山西平遥古城始建于2700多年以前
Pingyao Ancient City in Shanxi Province was built more than 2,700 years ago.

完好地保留着明清时期县城的基本风貌
It has preserved the basic features of towns in Ming and Qing Dynasties

是中国汉民族地区保存最为完整的古城
and is the most complete ancient city in the Nan ethnic region of China.

平遥古城是中国古代城市的杰出范例
Pingyao Ancient City is an outstanding example of ancient Chinese cities

为人们展示了一幅非同寻常的文化
presenting a complete picture of extraordinary cultural

社会 经济及宗教发展的完整画卷
social, economic and religious development.

平遥古城呈方形
Pingyao Ancient City is a square ancient city

城墙周长6163米
with a wall circumference of 6,163 meters

有3000个垛口
3,000 crenels

72座敌楼
and 72 watchtowers.

平遥民居以四合院为主
Pingyao dwellings are mainly quadrangle courtyards

沿中轴线左右对称
which are symmetrical along the central axis

一般为三进院落
and usually have three courtyards.

城内建筑豪华
Architecture in the city is luxurious

由宅门 倒座 院落 厢房 正房等几部分组成
consisting of gate, reversely set house, yard, wing, main room, etc..

院落之间多用矮墙
Parapet walls and festoon gate decorated

和用木雕装饰的垂花门作为分隔
with wood carvings are often used to separate the courtyards.

此外
In addition

窑洞式建筑也是平遥古城民居的一大特色
cave dwelling is also a major feature of Pingyao ancient dwellings.

浙江乌镇
Wuzhen in Zhejiang

我们了解风格粗犷的山西民居后
After learning the wild style of Shanxi dwellings

再来看看江南水乡的代表
let’s see the representative of Jiangnan water town

乌镇
Wuzhen.

浙江省嘉兴的乌镇
Wuzhen in Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province

是江南水乡的代表
is the representative of Jiangnan water township

有 鱼米之乡 丝绸之府 之称
known as "the land of fish and rice, the home of silk".

乌镇历史悠久
Wuzhen has a long history

建筑极具特色
and unique architecture

主要以砖木结构为主
in brick and wood structures

完整地保存了
which completely preserves

明清以来水乡古镇的风貌和格局
the landscape and pattern of ancient water town since Ming and Qing Dynasties.

梁柱和门窗上的木雕和石雕
The wood and stone carvings on the beams, columns, doors and windows

工艺非常精湛
are very exquisite.

建筑颜色一般只有灰白两种颜色
There are only two kinds of colors on the architecture, gray the white

以灰色为主要色调
and the gray is the main tone.

建筑之间平行相连或保持一定距离
Buildings are connected in parallel or kept at a certain distance

充分体现了自然状态下的整齐美
which fully reflects the neat beauty in the natural state.

乌镇以河成街
In Wuzhen, river becomes the street

桥街相连
bridge and street are connected

依河筑屋
houses are built along the river

深宅大院 重脊高檐
mansions with heavy ridge and high eave

石板小路 水镇一体
flagstone path and water town are integrated

展示了江南古镇
which shows the characteristics of

小桥 流水 人家 的特色
"small bridge, flowing water and dwellings"

十分灵秀
of Jiangnan ancient town.

福建永定土楼
Fujian Hakka Earth Building

看完了秀美多姿的乌镇
After seeing the beautiful scene of Wuzhen

我们再来了解一下江南地区神秘的古城堡
let’s learn the mysterious Jiangnan ancient castle

永定土楼
Yongding Hakka Earth Building.

福建永定土楼
Fujian Yongding Hakka Earth Building

最早起源于唐末宋初
originated in the late Tang Dynasty and early Song Dynasty

距今已有1200多年的历史
and has a history of more than 1200 years.

保留了客家人独特的世代相传
It preserves the unique family lifestyle of Hakkas

和睦同居的大家族的生活方式
in which generations live in harmony.

土楼有圆形土楼和方形土楼之分
There are two kinds of earth building: round earth building and square earth building

其中圆形土楼是客家民居的典范
in which the round earth building is a model of Hakka folk house

传承了客家传统
and inherits Hakka tradition.

其外形奇特
It has a peculiar appearance:

由两三圈组成
consisting of two or three circles

由内到外
from inside to outside

环环相套
over each other.

外圈高十余米
The outer circle is more than ten meters high

四层
and has four floors

有一二百个房间
with one or two hundred rooms.

每层功能各不相同
Each floor has different functions.

土楼采用夯土筑成
The earth building is built of rammed earth

十分坚固安全
which is very strong and safe

具有良好的防御
with good defense

通风采光性能
ventilation and lighting performance.

大多按八卦图设计
It is designed according to the eight diagrams

形成楼中有楼
which is characterized in building in building

里低外高的特点
lower inside and higher outside

富有丰富的文化内涵
with rich cultural connotation.

可以说
It can be said that

一部土楼的建筑史
the architectural history of earth building

就是一部客家人的传奇史
is the legendary history of Hakka people

因而被誉为神秘的东方古城堡
so it is known as the mysterious ancient Oriental castle.

千户苗寨
Thousand Miao Villages

福建永定土楼
Fujian Yongding Hakka Earth Building

是多户聚居的独栋建筑
is detached building with several households living in

是因地制宜的典范
which is a model of adapting measures to local conditions.

接下来
Next

我们再来了解一下另外一个
we will learn about another building community

因地制宜的建筑群落
that adapts measures to local conditions

千户苗寨
Thousand Miao Villages.

西江千户苗寨
Thousand Miao Villages in Xijiang

位于贵州省黔东南地区
is located in the southeast of Guizhou Province.

是由十余个依山而建的苗族自然村寨相连而成
It is connected by more than ten natural Miao villages built along the mountains

完整地保存了苗族原生态文化
and completely preserves the original ecological culture of Miao nationality.

其建筑以木质的吊脚楼为主
Its buildings are mainly wooden stilted buildings

分平地吊脚楼和斜坡吊脚楼两大类
divided into flat stilted buildings and slope stilted buildings

多为穿斗式歇山顶结构
most of which are in column and tie structure with gable and hip roof

一般有三层
generally having three floors

具有不同的使用功能
with different functions.

吊脚楼源于
Stilted building originated from

上古居民的南方干栏式建筑
the stilt stile architecture of ancient Chinese residents in the south

是中华上古居民建筑的活化石
as the living fossil of residential architecture in ancient China

苗族的上梁祝辞
Miao people's congratulations for beam raising

和立房歌
and songs of house construction

具有浓厚的宗教文化色彩
have a strong religious color

承载着苗族的传统文化
and carry the traditional culture of Miao nationality.

可以说
It can be said that

西江千户苗寨是一座露天博物馆
Thousand Miao Villages in Xijiang is an open-air museum

是一部苗族历史文化发展的史诗
and an epic of the historical and cultural development of Miao nationality.

与中国传统的官式建筑相比
Compared with traditional Chinese official buildings

中国传统民居的构架形式简单
traditional Chinese dwellings have simple structural forms.

就建筑的装饰内容 装饰形式 装饰部位来说
In terms of architectural decoration contents, forms and parts

传统民居也具有丰富的文化内涵
traditional dwellings also have rich cultural connotations

中国传统民居大都使用雕刻的方法进行装饰
Most traditional Chinese dwellings are decorated by means of carving.

木雕 砖雕和石雕是常用的装饰手法
Wood, brick and stone carving are commonly used.

在装饰的题材方面
In terms of the theme of decoration

民居雕刻有各种人物故事
folk carvings have all kinds of character stories

栩栩如生
which are vivid

处处体现着中国传统文化
and reflect Chinese traditional culture everywhere.

人们居住于其中
Living in the traditional dwelling

可以说是住在文化里
can be said as living in culture.

好
well

关于中国传统民居
About Chinese traditional dwellings,

我们先学习到这里
let's learn here first.

谢谢
Thank you