当前课程知识点：Overview of China > 第三章 理解中国 Understanding China > 3.4 中国教育 Education in China > 3.4.3 科举制度 Imperial examination system
返回《Overview of China》慕课在线视频课程列表
朋友 您好 欢迎您 走进中国
Hello! Welcome to the Overview of China
了解更多关于中国的知识
and know more about China.
今天 我们来一起了解中国的科举制度
Today, let's learn about China's imperial examination system.
中国的科举制是世界上最早以考试方法选拔官吏的制度
The imperial civil examination system in China was the earliest system in the world
国家通过考试来选拔官员
to select officials by examination.
这种制度起源隋文帝时期
This system originated in the period of emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty
长达1300余年
until the abolition of the Qing government in 1905,
成为世界上延续时间最长的人才选拔制度
making it the longest lasting talent selection system in the world.
隋唐时期
During the Sui and Tang Dynasties,
科举制度不断完善
the imperial examination system was constantly improved,
一般由院试 乡试和会试组成
which generally consisted of the Yuan examination, the Xiang examination and the Hui examination.
其中进士科是最为重要的科目
Jinshi is the most important examination,
武则天时期还增设了武科和殿试
Wu Zetian period also added martial arts and Palace examination.
这种制度到明清时期达到成熟阶段
This system reached maturity in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
考生要通过院试
The examinee must pass the series examination one after another, which is the Yuan examination,
乡试 会试 殿试的层层选拔
the Xiang examination , the Hui examination and the Palace examination.
想金榜题名考取进士很不容易
It is not easy to get the Jinshi which is the holy grail for the examinee.
考生需要通过省学政主持的 院试 考试 考取 秀才
Examinees need to pass the "Yuan examination" presided over by the provincial scholar to get the Xiucai.
然后通过省级考试 乡试 考取 举人
And then pass the Xiang examination to get Juren,
再通过国家级 会试 考试 考取 贡士
And then pass the national "Hui" exam, to get Gongshi,
才有资格参加皇帝主考
and then to be qualified for the examination,
在故宫保和殿举行的 殿试 考试
hold in the palace of Baohe, which is called Dian exam presided over by the emperor.
录取分三甲
There are three grades for admission:
一甲三名 赐进士及第
the first grade include three winners who are awarded with Jinshi,
第一名叫 状元
the first is called Zhuangyuan,
第二名叫 榜眼
the second is called Bangyan,
第三名叫 探花
the third is called Tanhua.
二甲赐进士出身 三甲赐同进士出身 一 二 三甲通称进士
All these three grades are called Jinshi
进士榜用黄纸书写 故叫黄甲 也称金榜
The result of Jinshi is written on yellow paper, so it is called Huangjia,
中进士称金榜题名
also known as Jinbang, to get Jinshi is called Jinbangtiming.
现在在北京孔庙的石碑上
Even now, on the stone tablet of the temple of Confucius in Beijing,
还刻有元 明 清三朝进士的姓名
where is engraved with the names Jinshi of Yuan, Ming, Qing Dynasties.
考取进士 可比现在考取高考状元难多了
It is much more difficult to get "Jinshi" than to get the top winner in the college entrance examination for now,
历时还长
it is also a long process.
别说考 进士 难了
even the examination of "Xiucai" and "Juren" is also not easy.
考 秀才和举人也是相当不容易的
Not mention that the examination of "Jinshi" is difficult,
光考秀才就要通过三级考试
Just take an examination of "Xiucai" must pass three level exams.
县 府两级考试通过了
Only after passed the exams of Xian and Fu,
才能参加省里提督学政主持的 院试 考试
the examinee can attend the "Yuan examination" which is presided over by the provincial scholar.
考取举人就更难了
It is even more difficult to pass the examination of "Juren",
范进中举 讲的就是主人公范进
Fanjin Got Juren was a story which was talking about the protagonist,
通过乡试成为举人以后
Fanjin who was gone to insane because too excited when he got "Juren"
因兴奋过度而发疯的故事
after passed the Xiang examination.
那么 科举考试都考什么呢
Thus, what did the imperial examination test?
科举考试内容偏重人文伦理
The contents of the imperial examinations lay particular stress on humanistic ethics
主要考察儒家的 四书五经 传统经典
and mainly examined the Confucian classics of the "four books and five classics".
并要根据时事写一篇八股文
And according to the current events to write a "Bagu article",
就是按照一定格式写一篇解释经义的文章
which is to write an article follow a certain format to explain the meaning of the classics.
八股文有严格的限制 内容仅限于四书五经
The content of "Bagu article" is strictly restricted into the four books and five classics,
不允许作者自由发挥
and the author is not allowed to write freely.
句子长短和字数也有严格的限制
There were also strict restrictions on the length of sentences and the number of words,
这种文体严格制约了人们的思想
which restricted people's thinking
成为后期科举制度的主要弊端
and became the main drawback of the later imperial examination system.
后来八股文就成了迂腐守旧的代名词了
Later on, "Bagu article" has become a pronoun for pedantic.
科举制的自由报考 公平竞争 择优录取是非常先进的
The free examination, fair competition and merit-based admission of the imperial civil examination system is very advanced,
它给了有能力的读书人施展才智的机会
and it gives capable students the opportunity to display their talents.
好 中国古代教育我们先学习到这里 谢谢
OK! Ancient Chinese education we learned here.
-1.1 初识中国 First acquaintance of China
--1.1 初识中国 First acquaintance of China
-1.2 人文中国 Humanistic China
-1.3 美丽中国 Beautiful China
-1.4 绿色中国 Green China
-1.5 民俗中国 Folklore China
-小测验 Quiz
-2.1 畅行中国 Unimpeded China
--2.1.1 中国交通方式 China's mode of transportation
--2.1.2 中国著名人文景观 Famous cultural landscape in China
--2.1.3 中国著名自然景观 Famous natural landscape in China
-2.2 乐居中国 Happy living in China
--2.2.1 中国传统官式建筑 Traditional Chinese official architecture
--2.2.2 中国传统民居 Traditional Chinese houses
--2.2.3 中国现代城镇的发展 The development of modern towns in China
-2.3 食在中国 Eating in China
-2.4 穿在中国 Wear in China
-2.5 医在中国 Medicine in China
-小测验 Quiz
-3.1 中国历史 Chinese History
--3.1.1.走向大一统的中华文明 Towards the unification of Chinese civilization
--3.1.2 多民族融合的封建帝国 A multi-ethnic feudal empire
--3.1.3 日新月异的和平中国 Peaceful China changing with each passing day
--小测验 Quiz
-3.2 中国科技 China‘s Science and Technology
--3.2.1 中国古代四大发明 Four great inventions in ancient China
--3.2.2 中国古代数学和天文学 Ancient Chinese mathematical astronomy
--3.2.3 古代青铜器和农业科技 Ancient bronzes and agricultural technology
--3.2.4 中国新四大发明 Four new inventions in China
--3.2.5 国防与民生科技 National defense and people's Livelihood Science and technology
--3.2.6 中国航空航天 China Aerospace
--小测验Quiz
-3.3 中国经济 China's Economy
--3.3.1 中国古代农业和手工业 Ancient Chinese agriculture and handicraft industry
--3.3.2 中国古代商业 Ancient Chinese Commerce
--3.3.3 中国现代经济政策和体制 China's modern economic policy and system
--3.3.4 中国经济发展的成就 Achievements in China's economic development
--3.3.5 中国经济发展的新趋势 The new trend of China's economic development
--小测验Quiz
-3.4 中国教育 Education in China
--3.4.1 古代哲学和教育思想 Ancient philosophy and educational thought
--3.4.2 古代学校教育 Ancient school education
--3.4.3 科举制度 Imperial examination system
--3.4.4 扫盲运动与高考 Literacy campaign and college entrance examination
--3.4.5 中国现代教育体系 China's modern education system
--3.4.6 国际教育交流与合作 International educational exchange and cooperation
--小测验Quiz
-4.1 文学欣赏 Literary Appreciation
--4.1.1 《诗经》和《离骚》Book of Songs and Li Sao
--4.1.2 诸子散文 Philosophical Prose
--4.1.3 唐诗宋词 Chinese Tangsong Poetics
--4.1.4 四大名著 Four Masterpieces
--4.1.5 中国现代文学 Modern Chinese Literature
--4.1.6 中国当代文学 Contemporary Chinese Literature
--小测验 Quiz
-4.2 音乐欣赏 Music Appreciation
--4.2.1 中国传统音乐与乐器 Traditional Chinese Music and Musical Instruments
--4.2.2 中国古典十大名曲 Ten Famous Classical Chinese Songs
--4.2.3 五彩缤纷的现代音乐 Colorful Modern Music
--小测验 Quiz
-4.3 戏曲欣赏 Opera Appreciation
--4.3.2 豫剧和其他地方戏 Henan Opera and Other Local Operas
--4.3.3 皮影戏和样板戏 Shadow Play and Model Play
--小测验 Quiz
-4.4 书画欣赏 Appreciation of Painting and Calligraphy
--4.4.1 文房四宝及书体 Four Treasures of Study and Calligraphy Style
--4.4.2 书法艺术习成及名家名作 Calligraphy and Masterpieces
--4.4.3 中国画的工具及分类 Tools and Classification of Chinese Painting
--4.4.4 中国绘画名家名作 Famous Works of Chinese Painters
--4.4.5 中国书画艺术思想 The artistic Thought of Chinese Painting and Calligraphy
--小测验 Quiz
-4.5 影视欣赏 Film Appreciation
--4.5.3 20世纪90年代至今中国电影欣赏 Chinese film appreciation since 1990s
--小测验 Quiz
-4.6 武术欣赏 Chinese Martial Arts Appreciation
--4.6.1 中国武术的源流与发展 The Origin and Development of Chinese Martial Arts
--4.6.2 中国武术流派 Chinese Martial Arts schools
--4.6.3 十八般武器 18 Weapons of Martial Arts
--4.6.4 中国武术文化欣赏 Appreciation of Chinese Martial Arts Culture
--小测验 Quiz
-5.1 源远流长的古代中外交流 Ancient exchanges between China and foreign countries
--5.1源远流长的古代中外交流 Ancient exchanges between China and foreign countries
-5.2 丰富多彩的现代中外交流 Rich and colorful modern exchanges between China and foreign countries
--5.2 丰富多彩的现代中外交流 Rich and colorful modern exchanges between China and foreign countries
-小测验 Quiz
-期末考试 Final Examination
--期末考试 Final Examination
