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朋友 您好 欢迎您 走进中国
Hello, Welcome to the Overview of China!
了解更多关于中国的知识
Let's learn more about China.
今天 我们一起来欣赏中国戏曲的魅力
Today, let's enjoy the charm of Chinese opera.
戏曲指的是中国传统的戏剧
Chinese Opera refers to the traditional Chinese drama
其综合了对白 音乐 歌唱 舞蹈
which combines dialogue, music, singing, dancing,
武术和杂技等多种表演方式
martial arts and acrobatics.
是中国最具有民族特点和风格的艺术样式之一
It is one of the artistic styles with the most national characteristics and styles in China.
中国戏曲与古希腊悲喜剧 印度梵剧
Chinese opera, Greek tragicomedy and Indian Brahman fàn drama
并称为世界三大古剧
are called the world's three major ancient dramas.
中国的戏曲始终扎根于民间
Chinese opera has always been rooted in the people
为人民所喜闻乐见
and is loved by Chinese people.
中国戏曲种类很多 约有360多种
There are many kinds of Chinese operas, about 360 kinds.
目前的五大剧种分别是
At present, the five major operas are
京剧 越剧 黄梅戏 评剧和豫剧
Peking Opera, Yue Opera, Huangmei Opera, Pingju Opera and Henan Opera
都被国务院列入
which were listed by the State Council
第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录
as the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage.
其它比较著名的戏曲种类还有
Other famous opera types include
昆曲 粤剧 川剧
Kunqu opera, cantonese opera, Sichuan opera
秦腔 河北梆子 河南坠子 湖南花鼓戏等
Qin opera, Hebei bangzi, Henan zhuizi, Hunan huagu opera, etc.
京剧
Beijing opera
京剧是中国最具代表性的传统戏曲
Beijing opera is the most representative traditional opera in China.
主要用胡琴和锣鼓等伴奏
It is mainly accompanied by Hu Qin, gongs and drums
被称为中国国粹
and is called the quintessence of Chinese culture.
2010年
In 2010,
京剧被列入
Beijing opera was included in
世界非物质文化遗产代表作名录
the world's representative list of intangible cultural heritage.
京剧的前身是徽剧
Beijing opera was originally Hui opera.
清代乾隆年间
During the reign of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty,
四大徽班进京演出
the four Hui troupes performed in Beijing.
他们又吸收了
They absorbed some tunes and performing methods
湖北汉剧 江苏昆曲 陕西秦腔的某些曲调和表演方法
from Hubei Han Opera, Jiangsu Kunqu Opera, and Shaanxi Qin Opera.
通过不断交流融合
Through continuous communication and integration,
最终形成京剧
Beijing opera was finally formed.
经典剧目有
Classic plays include:
贵妃醉酒
Drunken Imperial Concubine
三岔口
Crossroads
四郎探母
Silang Visits Mother
铡美案 等
and Zha Mei Case
京剧表演的艺术手法是
The artistic technique of Beijing opera performance is
唱 念 做 打
singing, reading, doing and playing.
唱指歌唱
"Singing" refers to singing songs;
念指具有音乐性的念白
reading refers to the musical narration;
做指舞蹈化的形体动作
"Doing" refers to dancing movements;
打是指武打和翻跌的技艺
"playing" refers to the skill of fighting and tumbling.
这也是京剧表演的四项基本功
These are the four basic skills of Beijing opera performance.
京剧舞台上的角色分为
The roles on the Beijing opera stage are divided into four types:
生 旦 净 丑四种类型
male roles, female roles, painted roles, and clowns.
这四种类型在京剧里叫做 行当
These four types are called "hangdang" in Beijing opera.
不同角色的人物都有一种大概的谱式
The characters of different roles have a general notation
就像唱歌 奏乐要按照乐谱一样
just like singing and playing music according to music scores.
所以称为脸谱
So they are called "facial makeup".
京剧脸谱
Besides, Peking opera facial makeup
是一种具有中国文化特色的特殊化妆方法
is a special makeup method with Chinese cultural characteristics
用各种色彩表示人物的性格和角色
which uses various colors to express the characteristics and role of the characters.
如 红色表示忠勇
For example, red indicates loyalty and courage,
黑色表示正直 刚烈
black indicates integrity and integrity,
白色表示奸诈 阴险
and white indicates treachery and malice.
京剧脸谱成为中国传统文化的标识之一
Beijing Opera facial makeup has become one of the symbols of Chinese traditional culture.
京剧流派众多
There are many schools of Peking Opera
名家无数
and numerous famous artists
其中最为著名的是四大名旦
of which the most famous are four famous female roles:
梅兰芳 程砚秋 尚小云和荀惠生
Mei Lanfang, Cheng Yanqiu, Shang Xiaoyun and Xun Huisheng.
接下来 我们来欣赏一段京剧
Next, let's enjoy a Peking Opera
贵妃醉酒
The Drunken Imperial Concubine
该剧描写的是杨贵妃深受唐明皇的宠爱
The play depicts Yang Guifei being deeply loved by Tang Minghuang.
杨贵妃约唐明皇百花亭赴宴
Yang Guifei asked Tang Minghuang Baihua Pavilion to go to the feast.
但是等了很久
She waited for a long time,
都没来
but he did not come.
随后知道
Then she learned that
皇帝已经回到西宫
the emperor had returned to the Western Palace
于是羞怒交加
She was ashamed and exasperated.
就命令高力士和裴力士
She ordered Gao Lishi and Peilishi
给她添杯奉盏
to add a cup of wine to her.
最后喝得大醉
Finally she got very drunk
后来怅然返宫的一段情节
and then she returned to the Palace disappointed.
表达了杨贵妃由期盼到失望
It expressed Yang Guifei's complex mood from expectation to disappointment
再到怨恨的复杂心情
and then to resentment.
好 关于中国京剧我们先欣赏到这里
That's all for the appreciation of Chinese opera. Let's stop here!
稍作休息 我们再开启新的旅程吧
Let's have a rest and then start the new journey in the next video.
-1.1 初识中国 First acquaintance of China
--1.1 初识中国 First acquaintance of China
-1.2 人文中国 Humanistic China
-1.3 美丽中国 Beautiful China
-1.4 绿色中国 Green China
-1.5 民俗中国 Folklore China
-小测验 Quiz
-2.1 畅行中国 Unimpeded China
--2.1.1 中国交通方式 China's mode of transportation
--2.1.2 中国著名人文景观 Famous cultural landscape in China
--2.1.3 中国著名自然景观 Famous natural landscape in China
-2.2 乐居中国 Happy living in China
--2.2.1 中国传统官式建筑 Traditional Chinese official architecture
--2.2.2 中国传统民居 Traditional Chinese houses
--2.2.3 中国现代城镇的发展 The development of modern towns in China
-2.3 食在中国 Eating in China
-2.4 穿在中国 Wear in China
-2.5 医在中国 Medicine in China
-小测验 Quiz
-3.1 中国历史 Chinese History
--3.1.1.走向大一统的中华文明 Towards the unification of Chinese civilization
--3.1.2 多民族融合的封建帝国 A multi-ethnic feudal empire
--3.1.3 日新月异的和平中国 Peaceful China changing with each passing day
--小测验 Quiz
-3.2 中国科技 China‘s Science and Technology
--3.2.1 中国古代四大发明 Four great inventions in ancient China
--3.2.2 中国古代数学和天文学 Ancient Chinese mathematical astronomy
--3.2.3 古代青铜器和农业科技 Ancient bronzes and agricultural technology
--3.2.4 中国新四大发明 Four new inventions in China
--3.2.5 国防与民生科技 National defense and people's Livelihood Science and technology
--3.2.6 中国航空航天 China Aerospace
--小测验Quiz
-3.3 中国经济 China's Economy
--3.3.1 中国古代农业和手工业 Ancient Chinese agriculture and handicraft industry
--3.3.2 中国古代商业 Ancient Chinese Commerce
--3.3.3 中国现代经济政策和体制 China's modern economic policy and system
--3.3.4 中国经济发展的成就 Achievements in China's economic development
--3.3.5 中国经济发展的新趋势 The new trend of China's economic development
--小测验Quiz
-3.4 中国教育 Education in China
--3.4.1 古代哲学和教育思想 Ancient philosophy and educational thought
--3.4.2 古代学校教育 Ancient school education
--3.4.3 科举制度 Imperial examination system
--3.4.4 扫盲运动与高考 Literacy campaign and college entrance examination
--3.4.5 中国现代教育体系 China's modern education system
--3.4.6 国际教育交流与合作 International educational exchange and cooperation
--小测验Quiz
-4.1 文学欣赏 Literary Appreciation
--4.1.1 《诗经》和《离骚》Book of Songs and Li Sao
--4.1.2 诸子散文 Philosophical Prose
--4.1.3 唐诗宋词 Chinese Tangsong Poetics
--4.1.4 四大名著 Four Masterpieces
--4.1.5 中国现代文学 Modern Chinese Literature
--4.1.6 中国当代文学 Contemporary Chinese Literature
--小测验 Quiz
-4.2 音乐欣赏 Music Appreciation
--4.2.1 中国传统音乐与乐器 Traditional Chinese Music and Musical Instruments
--4.2.2 中国古典十大名曲 Ten Famous Classical Chinese Songs
--4.2.3 五彩缤纷的现代音乐 Colorful Modern Music
--小测验 Quiz
-4.3 戏曲欣赏 Opera Appreciation
--4.3.2 豫剧和其他地方戏 Henan Opera and Other Local Operas
--4.3.3 皮影戏和样板戏 Shadow Play and Model Play
--小测验 Quiz
-4.4 书画欣赏 Appreciation of Painting and Calligraphy
--4.4.1 文房四宝及书体 Four Treasures of Study and Calligraphy Style
--4.4.2 书法艺术习成及名家名作 Calligraphy and Masterpieces
--4.4.3 中国画的工具及分类 Tools and Classification of Chinese Painting
--4.4.4 中国绘画名家名作 Famous Works of Chinese Painters
--4.4.5 中国书画艺术思想 The artistic Thought of Chinese Painting and Calligraphy
--小测验 Quiz
-4.5 影视欣赏 Film Appreciation
--4.5.3 20世纪90年代至今中国电影欣赏 Chinese film appreciation since 1990s
--小测验 Quiz
-4.6 武术欣赏 Chinese Martial Arts Appreciation
--4.6.1 中国武术的源流与发展 The Origin and Development of Chinese Martial Arts
--4.6.2 中国武术流派 Chinese Martial Arts schools
--4.6.3 十八般武器 18 Weapons of Martial Arts
--4.6.4 中国武术文化欣赏 Appreciation of Chinese Martial Arts Culture
--小测验 Quiz
-5.1 源远流长的古代中外交流 Ancient exchanges between China and foreign countries
--5.1源远流长的古代中外交流 Ancient exchanges between China and foreign countries
-5.2 丰富多彩的现代中外交流 Rich and colorful modern exchanges between China and foreign countries
--5.2 丰富多彩的现代中外交流 Rich and colorful modern exchanges between China and foreign countries
-小测验 Quiz
-期末考试 Final Examination
--期末考试 Final Examination
