3.2.1 中国古代四大发明 Four great inventions in ancient China在线视频

朋友 您好 欢迎您 走进中国
Hello! Welcome to the Overview of China

了解更多关于中国的知识
and know more about China.

今天 我们一起来感受中国科技的高速发展
Today, we are going to feel the rapid development of science and technology in China.

2019年 嫦娥四号探测器的成功发射
The successful launch of Chang'e-4 probe in 2019,

第二艘航母的出海试航
Trial voyage of the second aircraft carrier to sea

国产大型水陆两栖飞机的水上首飞成功
The first flight of a large domestic amphibious aircraft on water

北斗导航向全球组网迈出了坚实的一步
The Beidou navigation has taken a solid step in the global networking

这些都说明中国科技发展日新月异
All these show that the development of science and technology in China is changing with each passing day.

从中国制造 中国创造 到中国智造
From made in China, created in China, to wisdom in China

科技日益改变中国的面貌
Science and technology are changing the face of China day by day

对世界影响也越来越大
And it's becoming more and more important to the world.

中国科技再次走在世界前列
China's science and technology is once again in the forefront of the World

其实 在16世纪以前
In fact, before the 16th century,

中国的科学技术一直处于世界领先地位
China's science and technology has always been in the leading position in the world

下面我们来看一下中国古代科技
Let's take a look at ancient Chinese science and technology.

说起中国古代科技
Talking about ancient Chinese science and technology

您可能首先会想到中国古代的四大发明
You may first think of the four great inventions of ancient China

造纸术 印刷术 指南针和火药
Papermaking, Printing, Compass and Gunpowder.

的确 这四大发明传到西方
Indeed, these four great inventions spread to the West

为世界文明发展做出了重大贡献
And made great contributions to the development of world civilization.

造纸术
Papermaking technology

自从人类文明产生以来
Since the emergence of human civilization,

记录和传承文明的载体
record and convey the carrier of civilization,

主要有泥版 石板 纸草 甲骨和竹简 木板 布帛等
mainly including mud plate, slate, papyrus, oracle bone and bamboo slips, planks, cloth and silk, etc.

这些书写材料有的坚硬
Some of these writing materials are hard,

有的笨重
Some are bulky,

有的价格昂贵
Some are expensive,

都不是理想的书写材料
and are all not an ideal writing material.

直到公元前105年蔡伦改进了造纸术
It wasn't until 105 BC that Cai Lun improved papermaking,

提高了纸的质量和产量
and improved the quality and output of paper.

纸才逐渐成为普遍的书写材料
It is only then that paper has gradually become a common writing material.

从而使中国成为世界上最早发明纸的国家
Thus making China the first country to invent paper in the world.

造纸术逐渐传到了朝鲜 越南 日本 印度
Papermaking gradually spread to North Korea, Vietnam, Japan, India

阿拉伯地区 欧洲和世界各地
Arab region, Europe and all over the world

造纸术的对外传播
The external Communication of Paper making

促进了文化的交流和教育的普及
Promoted the exchange of culture and the popularization of education,

深刻地影响了世界文明的发展进程
and has deeply influenced the development process of world civilization.

印刷术
Printing

纸张的发明引发了书写材料的革命
The invention of paper triggered a revolution in writing materials

也推动了文化的传播
and also promotes the spread of culture.

此时 文化传播主要依靠手抄
At this time, cultural communication mainly relied on hand copy.

费时费力 也容易产生错误
It was time-consuming and laborious, and easy to make mistakes.

唐代 人们发明了雕版印刷术
In Tang Dynasty, people invented engraving printing.

一定程度上缓解了这一问题
To a certain extent, it alleviates the problem.

但是雕版印刷制作困难 成本高昂
However, the printing of engraving is difficult and the cost is high.

宋代毕昇发明活字印刷术
Bi Sheng invented movable Printing in Song Dynasty

利用胶泥活字排版印刷
use plaster movable type to set type and print.

活字在印刷完成后
After the printing is completed, the movable type

还可以拆下来重复使用
can also remove and reuse.

既经济又省时
Both economic and time-saving

使印刷术进入了一个新时代
Has ushered in a new era in printing

这种印刷术陆续外传
This kind of printing has been spread out one after another

到了朝鲜 日本 波斯 埃及以及欧洲各地
North Korea, Japan, Persia, Egypt and all over Europe

活字印刷术的发明
The invention of a letterpress

比1555年德国古腾堡发明的铜活字印刷术早了近400年
is nearly 400 years earlier than copper movable type printing invented by Gutenberg, Germany, in 1555.

指南针
Compass

在指南针发明之前
Before the compass was invented,

人类主要是依靠日月星辰来辨别方位
Human beings mainly rely on the sun, moon and stars to identify azimuth.

但是这种方法很受自然条件的限制
But this approach is subject to natural conditions.

战国时期
Warring States period,

人们根据磁石指示南北的特性发明了司南
Sinan was invented according to the characteristics of the magnet indicating the north and south.

司南由磁勺子和刻有方位的铜盘组成
Sinan was made up of magnetic spoons and azimuth copper plates

勺柄指示的方向就是南方
The handle indicates the direction of the south.

到了宋代
In the Song Dynasty,

人们把磁化的指南针和方位盘结合起来
People combined magnetized compass with azimuth disk

制成了罗盘
Made into a compass.

罗盘比司南指示更加精确
The compass was more accurate than Sinan's instructions.

普遍应用于航海事业
Widely used in navigation

南宋时期
The Southern Song Dynasty

指南针经由阿拉伯人传到欧洲
Compass passed to Europe through Arabs,

有利于新航路的开辟
which was beneficial to the development of new routes.

火药
Gunpowder

秦汉以后
After Qin and Han Dynasties

人们为了寻求长生不老的药物
People were looking for immortality drugs,

常将各种药物放在一起炼制丹药
Often put all kinds of drugs together to make Dan medicine.

在一次偶然的情况下
In an accidental situation,

炼丹家将硫磺 硝石和木炭三种药物混在一起炼制
The alchemist mixed sulfur, nitrate and charcoal to make it.

发现会发生剧烈的燃烧
It's found that there will be a violent combustion.

甚至产生爆炸
even an explosion.

因此取名为火药
So it's called gunpowder.

火药被发明后
After the gunpowder was invented,

先是被用于爆竹和烟火的制作
it was firstly used in the production of firecrackers and fireworks.

唐末开始用于军事
It began to be used in the military at the end of the Tang Dynasty.

到了宋代
In the Song Dynasty,

利用火药制造火枪和火炮的技术已经相当成熟
The technology of using gunpowder to make musket and artillery is quite mature.

首次成功制造了世界上第一支火箭
For the first time, the world's first rocket was successfully built.

火药由商人经由印度传入阿拉伯地区
Gunpowder was introduced into the Arab region by businessmen through India

又传到欧洲和世界各国
and spread to Europe and the rest of the world.

对人类社会的文明进步
For the civilized progress of human society

对经济和科学文化的发展
and the development of economy, science and culture,

起到了推动作用
it all played a catalytic role.

好的 古代的四大发明就学到这里 谢谢
OK! That's all we have to say about the four great inventions of ancient times. Thank you！