4.2.1 中国传统音乐与乐器 Traditional Chinese Music and Musical Instruments在线视频

朋友 您好
Hello my friends

欢迎您 走进中国
Welcome to the Overview of China

了解更多关于中国的知识
and know more about China.

今天 我们一起来欣赏中国音乐的魅力
Today, let's enjoy the charm of Chinese music

中国素称
China used to be called

礼乐之邦
the country of etiquette and music

音乐在人格养成 文化生活和国家礼仪方面
Music plays an important role in

有着重要的作用和地位
one's personality development, cultural life and national etiquette.

孔子曾提出
Confucius once put forward the learning steps

兴于诗 立于礼
which is rising from poetry, standing in etiquette

成于乐 的学习步骤
and achieving in music

从孔子传 六艺
From Confucius' Six Arts

到唐代的胡琴
to Huqin in Tang Dynasty

再到近代的西方音乐
and then the western music in modern times

音乐艺术一直是中国人生活中的重要组成部分
Music art has always been an important part of Chinese life

在文化交流活动中
In cultural exchange activities

音乐也是不可替代的媒介
music is also an irreplaceable medium.

琴 棋 书 画
Qin, chess, calligraphy and Chinese painting

历来被视为文人雅士修身养性的
has always been regarded as the necessary path

必由之径
for intellectuals to cultivate their morality and their character.

吹箫抚琴
Playing the flute and the qin

吟诗作画
reciting poems and drawing paintings

登高远游
climbing mountains and traveling far away

对酒当歌
singing while drinking

成为文人士大夫生活的生动写照
Become a vivid portrayal of intellectuals' life.

古琴因其清和
Because of the harmony, light

淡雅的音乐品格
and elegant of Guqin.

寄寓了
It embodies

文人超凡脱俗的处世心态
the extraordinary and unworldly mentality of intellectuals.

因而
Therefore

在音乐 棋术
Guqin occupies the first place among music, chess

书法 绘画中居于首位
calligraphy, painting.

我们今天所要了解的古琴
The Guqin that we're going to talk about today

又称瑶琴
Also known as Yao qin

是中国传统拨弦乐器
It's a traditional Chinese plucked instrument.

属于八音中的 丝
It belongs to the Silk in the Eight Notes

古琴的音域宽广
Guqin has a wide range

音色深沉 余音悠远
Deep tone and lingering sound

对人的性格养成 文化熏陶
It plays an irreplaceable role in

具有不可替代的作用
shaping people's character and culture.

今天我们来到古琴馆
Today we come to the The Guqin Hall

大家亲身感受一下中国传统音乐的魅力
experience the charm of Chinese traditional music personally.

下面请欣赏万富强先生的演奏
Now please enjoy the performance of Mr. Wan Fuqiang.

通过优美的古琴演奏
Through the beautiful playing of Guqin

我们已经感受到了中国传统音乐
We have felt the vitality and infectious enthusiasm

鲜活的生命力和感染力
of Chinese traditional music.

下面我们就来详细了解
Now let's have a detailed understanding of

中国传统音乐
Chinese traditional music.

中国传统音乐乐理
Chinese traditional music theory

中国音乐起源很早
The origin of music in China is very early.

随着夏商王朝的祭祀活动
It became popular with the sacrificial activities

开始盛行
of the Xia and Shang Dynasties.

中国传统音乐的理论基础
The theoretical basis of Chinese traditional music

是五声音阶
is pentatonic scale.

五声 就是指宫 商 角 徵 羽五个音
Five tones means gong, shang, jue, zhi and yu.

对于唱歌不准的人
People who can't sing properly

我们常说他是 五音不全
are often called tone-deaf.

五音 就是指
Five notes refers to

五声调式中的这五个音
the five notes in the pentatonic mode.

五声调式
Pentatonic mode

构成了中国音乐特有的民族风格
Constitutes the unique Chinese national music style.

中国古代音乐比较著名的有
In ancient China famous musics include

广陵散
Guangling Verse

高山流水
High mountain and Running water

梅花三弄 等
Three Variations on Plum Blossom and so on.

在古代
In ancient

文学和音乐是紧密相联的
Literature and music are closely related.

现存最早的诗歌总集
The earliest existing collection of poems

诗经 中的诗篇
The Book of Songs

当时都配有曲调
was filled with tunes

为人们口头传唱
so that people could sing them orally.

汉乐府
Yuefu Songs of the Han Dynasty

唐诗
Tang Poetry

宋词 等
Song Ci Poetry and so on

也都能歌唱
can also be sing.

最近在中央广播电视总台的
Recently, on the CCTV program

经典咏流传 节目中
classic songs spread

音乐家们为古诗词谱上新的乐曲
Musicians made new music for ancient poems

用流行歌曲的唱法演唱出来
Sing it like a pop song

深受大众的欢迎
And become popular with the public.

如 将近酒
Such as Invitation to Wine

苔 等
Moss and so on.

如果您对此感兴趣
If you are interested in this

可以关注
You can pay close attention to

中央广播电视总台的 经典咏流传 节目
CCTV's Classical Songs Spread program

慢慢欣赏
and appreciate these songs slowly.

中国传统乐器
Traditional Chinese Musical Instruments

中国传统乐器多数
Most of the traditional Chinese instruments

取材于自然
come from nature.

以竹 木 丝 石等材料制成
Made of bamboo, wood, silk, stone and other materials.

按照演奏方式
According to the way of performance

主要分为吹奏类和打击类两种
it is mainly divided into two categories: blowing and percussion

吹奏类乐器
Blowing instruments

如笛子 埙 管 箫 笙等
such as flute, xun, pipe, xiao, sheng, etc.

打击类乐器
Percussion instruments

有磬 鼓 锣 钹 等
such as qing, drum, gong, bo etc.

周礼·春官 中
In Zhou Li Chun Guan

按照使用的物质材料
According to the material used

把乐器分为
musical instrumentsare divided into eight categories

金 石 土 革 丝
gold, stone, earth, leather, silk

木 匏 竹八类
wood, gourd and bamboo.

称为 八音
They are called Ba Yin.

这也是最早的
This is also one of the earliest classifications

乐器分类法之一
of Musical Instruments.

丝竹 就是
Silk bamboo is the abbreviated form

丝音和竹音的简称
for silk sound and bamboo sound.

汉语中
In Chinese

有
There are such words as

吹竹调丝
blowing bamboo and adjust silk

繁丝急管
the sound of orchestral strings is dense and rapid

无丝竹之乱耳
There is no chaos of silk and bamboo

无案牍之劳形 之说
no trouble to make me exhausted.

编钟 磬
Chime Bells and Qing

这两种乐器
are two musical instruments

所发出的音响清脆明亮
that produce crisp and bright sounds

被称为 金石之声
It is called the Voice of Golden Stone

是官方认可的
It is officially recognized

最高雅的声音
as the most elegant voice

1978年在湖北随州出土的
Unearthed in 1978 in Suizhou Hubei

曾侯乙编钟
Chime Bells of Marquis Yi of the Zeng State

是由65件青铜编钟
is a huge musical instrument

组成的庞大乐器
composed of 65 bronze bianzhong.

它高超的铸造技术
Its superb casting technology

和良好的音乐性能
and good musical performance

改写了世界音乐史
have rewritten the history of world music

被中外专家 学者
and are called rare treasures

称之为稀世珍宝
by experts and scholars at home and abroad.

在现代汉语仍然保存
The names of some ancient musical instruments

一些古乐器的名称
are still preserved in modern Chinese.

如
For example

金鼓齐鸣
jinguqiming

鸣金收兵
mingjinshoubing

滥竽充数
lanyuchongshu

钟鸣鼎食
zhongmingdingshi

鼓角齐鸣
gujiaoqiming

巧舌如簧 等
qiaosheruhuang,and so on.

笛子
flute

笛子是汉族乐器中最具代表性
Flute is the most representative

最有民族特色的吹奏乐器
and ethnic musical instrument of Han nationality.

中国竹笛
Chinese bamboo flute

一般分为南方的曲笛
Generally, it is divided into Qu flute in the south

北方的梆笛
Bang flute in the north

和介于两者之间的中音笛
and mid-range flute in between.

笛子是中国音乐的代表乐器之一
Flute is one of the representative musical instruments of Chinese music.

应用广泛
And is widely used

在民族乐队中
In the national band

被当做
It is regarded as

民族吹管乐的代表
the representative of national wind music

大部分笛子是竹制的
Most flutes are made of bamboo.

因为竹笛声音效果较好
Because bamboo flute sounds better

制作成本较低
The manufacturing cost is lower.

也有石笛
There are also flutes made of stone

玉笛以及红木做的笛子
jade and mahogany.

古时还有骨笛
In ancient times there were bone flutes

河南舞阳贾湖村出土的
Unearthed in Jiahu Village, Wuyang City, Henan Province

距今约9000年的
About 9000 years ago

七音骨笛
seven-tone bone flute

是中国目前年代最早的
It is the earliest musical instrument

乐器实物
in China at present.

全部用鹤类尺骨制成
They are all made of crane ulna

这些骨笛不仅能演奏传统的乐曲
These bone flutes can play not only traditional music

还能演奏富含变化音的少数民族或外国乐曲
but also ethnic minority or foreign music rich in varied sounds.

这说明当时的人们
This shows that people at that time

已经具备对乐音的审美能力
already had the aesthetic ability to musical sounds.

笛子的经典曲目有
The classic pieces of the flute include

姑苏行
Gusu xing

春到湘江
Spring to Xiangjiang River

喜相逢 等
and Xixiangfeng

下面您听到的是
Next what you will hear is

姑苏行 片段
a fragment of Gusu xing

它采用昆曲音调
It adopts the tone of Kun opera

表现了古城苏州的秀丽风光
It shows the beautiful scenery of the ancient city of Suzhou

和人们游览时的愉悦心情
and people's pleasant mood when visiting.

这首曲子韵味深长
This song has a long lingering charm

发挥了曲笛音色柔美
and gives full play to the soft tone of qu flute

宽厚而圆润的特征
The characteristics of generosity and roundness.

再结合南方笛子常用演奏技巧
Combine with the common playing skill of the southern flute

使乐曲表现得更加动人优美
Make the music more moving and beautiful.

接着您听到的是 春到湘江 片段
The following is a clip of Spring to Xiangjiang River

它表现了
It shows

湘江两岸秀美的春光
the beautiful spring scenery on both sides of the Xiangjiang River

和人们欢欣鼓舞
and the people's aspiration of encouraging

建设家园的豪情壮志
and building their homes.

二胡
urheen

二胡 即 二弦胡琴
Urheen is the two-stringed harp.

始于唐代
It started in Tang Dynasty.

是胡琴类乐器的代表
It is the representative of the huqin musical instrument.

是中国传统拉弦类民族乐器
It is a traditional Chinese stringed folk instrument.

二胡名曲有
Erhu's famous songs include

二泉映月
The Moon Reflected on the Erquan Spring

良宵
An Enjoyable Night

听松
Listen to Pine

赛马
Racing Horse

葡萄熟了 等
the Grapes are Ripe and so on.

下面您听到的是
Next you hear an excerpt from

二泉映月 片段
The Moon Reflected on the Erquan Spring

它是中国民间音乐家阿炳的代表作
It is the representative work of Chinese folk musician Abing.

这首乐曲表达的是一位
This piece of music expresses the feelings of a blind artist

饱尝人间辛酸和痛苦的盲艺人的情感
who has known all the bitterness and pain of human life.

作品展示了独特的民间演奏技巧与风格
The works show unique folk performance skills and styles

显示了中国二胡艺术的独特魅力
and the unique charm of Chinese urheen art.

琵琶
Pipa

琵琶 是中国具有代表性的民族弹拨乐器
Pipa is a representative national plucked string instrument in China.

琵 和 琶 原是两种弹奏手法的名称
Pi and Pa were originally the names of the two playing techniques.

琵 是右手向前弹
The Pi is played forward with the right hand

琶 是右手向后挑
the Pa is played backward with the right hand.

在唐诗和唐代的绘画中
In Tang poetry and Tang paintings

可以看到丰富多彩的琵琶演奏者的形象
We can see the colorful images of pipa players.

因此
Therefore

琵琶几乎成为唐代文化的一个象征
Pipa has almost become a symbol of Tang culture.

琵琶也常出现在唐诗宋词中
Pipa also often appears in Tang and Song poetry.

如
For example

葡萄美酒夜光杯
At the wine banquet, the mellow wine filled in the exquisite nightlight cup

欲饮琵琶马上催
the pipa played fast and cheerfully to encourage drinking

千呼万唤始出来
She slowly came out

犹抱琵琶半遮面
holding the pipa in her arms and half covering her face

传统琵琶曲可分为
Traditional pipa music can be divided into

武曲 文曲以及文武曲
military tune , art tune and art-military tune.

代表曲目 武曲有
Military tune representative repertoire include

十面埋伏
The Ambush on All Sides

霸王卸甲
Overlord unloads armor

汉将军令 等等
General Han's orders etc.

文曲 有
Art tune include

夕阳箫鼓
Xiaogu in the Sunset

昭君出塞
Zhaojun Departs the Frontier

汉宫秋月 等
Autumn Moon Over Han Palace and so on

文武曲代表曲目有
Art-military tune include

阳春白雪
Spring Snow

高山流水 等
High Mountain and Flowing Water

古筝
Guzheng

古筝是中国传统乐器中的
Guzheng is a plucked string instrument

弹拨乐器
in traditional Chinese musical instruments.

它的音色优美
It has beautiful timbre

音域宽广
The music range is broad

演奏技巧丰富
and the playing skills are rich

具有很强的表现力
It has strong expressive force.

古筝的代表曲目是
The representative piece of guzheng is

渔舟唱晚
Fisherman's Song at Dusk

下面您听到的就是
What you will hear next is

渔舟唱晚
Fisherman's Song at Dusk

它是一首颇具古典风格的古筝曲
It is a guzheng music with quite classical style.

描绘了夕阳映照
It depicts the setting sun shining

万顷碧波
on the vast blue waves

渔民悠然自得
The fishermen were at ease

渔船随波渐远的优美景象
The beautiful sight of fishing boats drifting away with the waves

这首乐曲是20世纪30年代以来 在中国流传最广
This piece of music is the most widely circulated

影响最大的一首古筝独奏曲
and influential guzheng solo in China since the 1930s.

锣鼓
gongs and drums

锣鼓是中国传统音乐中必不可少的乐器
Gongs and drums are indispensable instruments in Chinese traditional music.

是戏剧节奏的支柱
It is the backbone of the dramatic rhythm.

中国戏曲中的唱念 表演 舞蹈 武打
The singing, performance, dance and martial arts

都具有很强的节奏性
in Chinese operas are very rhythmic

而锣鼓是一种
Gongs and drums is a musical instrument

音响强烈 节奏鲜明的乐器
with strong sound and distinct rhythm.

有了锣鼓的伴奏配合
With the accompaniment of gongs and drums

能增强戏曲演唱 表演的节奏感
the rhythm and accuracy of opera singing

和动作的准确性
and performance can be enhanced.

帮助表现人物情绪
It can also help to express the emotions of the characters

点染戏剧色彩
tinge the dramatic colors

烘托舞台气氛
and set off the stage atmosphere

汉语中与这个乐器有关的词语很多
There are many words related to this musical instrument in Chinese

锣鼓喧天
a deafening sound of gongs and drums

敲锣打鼓
beat gongs and sound drums

旗鼓相当
The two sides were so well-matched that neither could gain the upper hand

紧锣密鼓
wildly beating gongs and drums

晨钟暮鼓
morning bell and evening drum

金鼓齐鸣
All the gongs and drums are beating

重整旗鼓 等
begin all over again,etc.

好
OK

关于中国传统音乐的
About the music theory and instruments of

乐理和乐器
traditional Chinese music

我们先欣赏到这里
That's all

谢谢
Thank you