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朋友 您好
Hello! Friends！
欢迎您《走进中国》
Welcome to the Overview of China.
了解更多关于中国的知识
and know more knowledge about China.
今天
Today
我们一起来学习中国的地理位置
we are going to learn the geographical location
国土面积和相邻国家
land area and neighboring countries of China.
首先
First of all
我们来想一想
let's think about
为什么我们所在的这块土地叫做中国呢
why do we call the land we are living in China?
也许您首先会想到英文的China
Maybe you think up the word China in English
由于china也有瓷器的意思
Cause china also means porcelain
西方人常常认为中国就是瓷器之国
so westerners usually consider China as the country of porcelain.
其实
In fact
中国一词最早是指天地之中
China referred to the Central Plains area in the middle
黄河中下游的中原地区
and lower reaches of the Yellow River at first.
因为这里是中华文明的发源地
As the birthplace of Chinese civilization.
所以
there was a saying
古代有 得中原者得天下 的说法
those who won the Central Plains won the world in ancient times
也产生了 逐鹿中原 的成语
and there was also an idiom zhulu zhongyuan, means struggle for power
历代豪杰都认为占领了中原地区
heroes of all Dynasties believed that once they occupied the Central Plains
就可以统治中国了
they would rule the whole China.
现在
Nowadays
中国是中华人民共和国的简称
the People's Republic of China, using China as the abbreviation
成立于1949年10月1日
was founded on 1st October 1949
首都是北京
Beijing is the capital city
五星红旗是国旗
the five-star red flag is the national flag
她象征着各族人民大团结
symbolizing the great unity of all ethnic groups
国徽是由国旗 天安门
the national emblem is composed of the national flag, Tian'anmen,
齿轮和麦稻穗四部分组成
gears and ears of wheat and rice
《义勇军进行曲》是中国的国歌
the national anthem is the March of the Volunteers.
中国的通用语言文字
the commonly used language and writing
是普通话和简体汉字
are Mandarin and simplified Chinese characters.
中国是一个
China is a unified and multi-ethnic socialist country
以汉族为主体
with the Han as the main body
56个民族共同组成的统一的多民族的社会主义国家
and 56 ethnics as the common composition.
接着
Next
让我们看一看中国在世界上的地理位置吧
let’s look at the geographical location of China.
中国的地理位置
The geographical location of China.
中国位于亚洲东部
China is located in Eastern Asia
太平洋西海岸
and the west coast of the Pacific Ocean
北起黑龙江省漠河以北的黑龙江主航道中心线
the northernmost is the central line in the main channel of Heilongjiang
南到南沙群岛的曾母暗沙
the southernmost border is the Zengmu Shoal Islands in the South China Sea
西起帕米尔高原
the westernmost is near the Pamir Plateau
东至黑龙江 乌苏里江汇合处
the easternmost is the intersection of Heilongjiang and Wusuli River.
南北相距5500千米
The distance between the North and the south is 5500 kilometers
东西相距5200千米
between the East and the West is 5200 kilometers.
东西两端的时差约为4个小时
the equation of time between the East and the West is about four hours.
中国的国土面积
Territory of China
中国的陆地面积约960万平方千米
The land territory of China is about 9.6 million square kilometers
居世界第三位
ranking the third place in the world.
海洋面积约470多万平方千米
the maritime territory is about 4.7 million square kilometers
中国大陆海岸线总长约1.8万千米
the total length of continental coastline is about 18,000 kilometers
由渤海和黄海 东海 南海组成
consists of the Bohai, the Yellow Sea, the East China Sea and the South China Sea
岛屿岸线总长约1.4万千米
the total length of island coastline is about 14,000 kilometers.
海域内有大约7600个岛屿
there are about 7600 islands in the ocean area
其中台湾岛是最大的岛屿
among which Taiwan is the largest one
第二大岛是海南岛
and Hainan Island is the second largest
中国相邻国家
China's Neighbouring Countries
中国陆地边界长达2.28万千米
The border of China is about 22,800 kilometers long.
中国与14个国家接壤
China has 14 countries bordering on land
与8国海上相邻
and 8 countries sharing maritime border
东邻朝鲜
it is bordered by Korea in the east
北邻蒙古
Mongolia in the north
东北邻俄罗斯
Russia in the northeast
西北邻哈萨克斯坦 吉尔吉斯斯坦 塔吉克斯坦
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan in the northwest
西部和西南部与阿富汗 巴基斯坦 印度
Afghanistan, Pakistan, India
尼泊尔 不丹等国家接壤
Nepal and Bhutan in the West and southwest
南部与缅甸 老挝 越南相邻
and Myanmar, Laos and Vietnam in the south.
东部和东南部与韩国 日本 菲律宾
The east and the southeast of China faces Korea, Japan, Philippines
文莱 马来西亚 印度尼西亚隔海相望
Brunei, Malaysia and Indonesia across the sea.
好 今天的初识中国之旅就到这里
Okay, this is all about the first journey of China.
让我们稍作休息
Let's have a break
接着开启新的旅程吧
and start a new journey in the following part.
-1.1 初识中国 First acquaintance of China
--1.1 初识中国 First acquaintance of China
-1.2 人文中国 Humanistic China
-1.3 美丽中国 Beautiful China
-1.4 绿色中国 Green China
-1.5 民俗中国 Folklore China
-小测验 Quiz
-2.1 畅行中国 Unimpeded China
--2.1.1 中国交通方式 China's mode of transportation
--2.1.2 中国著名人文景观 Famous cultural landscape in China
--2.1.3 中国著名自然景观 Famous natural landscape in China
-2.2 乐居中国 Happy living in China
--2.2.1 中国传统官式建筑 Traditional Chinese official architecture
--2.2.2 中国传统民居 Traditional Chinese houses
--2.2.3 中国现代城镇的发展 The development of modern towns in China
-2.3 食在中国 Eating in China
-2.4 穿在中国 Wear in China
-2.5 医在中国 Medicine in China
-小测验 Quiz
-3.1 中国历史 Chinese History
--3.1.1.走向大一统的中华文明 Towards the unification of Chinese civilization
--3.1.2 多民族融合的封建帝国 A multi-ethnic feudal empire
--3.1.3 日新月异的和平中国 Peaceful China changing with each passing day
--小测验 Quiz
-3.2 中国科技 China‘s Science and Technology
--3.2.1 中国古代四大发明 Four great inventions in ancient China
--3.2.2 中国古代数学和天文学 Ancient Chinese mathematical astronomy
--3.2.3 古代青铜器和农业科技 Ancient bronzes and agricultural technology
--3.2.4 中国新四大发明 Four new inventions in China
--3.2.5 国防与民生科技 National defense and people's Livelihood Science and technology
--3.2.6 中国航空航天 China Aerospace
--小测验Quiz
-3.3 中国经济 China's Economy
--3.3.1 中国古代农业和手工业 Ancient Chinese agriculture and handicraft industry
--3.3.2 中国古代商业 Ancient Chinese Commerce
--3.3.3 中国现代经济政策和体制 China's modern economic policy and system
--3.3.4 中国经济发展的成就 Achievements in China's economic development
--3.3.5 中国经济发展的新趋势 The new trend of China's economic development
--小测验Quiz
-3.4 中国教育 Education in China
--3.4.1 古代哲学和教育思想 Ancient philosophy and educational thought
--3.4.2 古代学校教育 Ancient school education
--3.4.3 科举制度 Imperial examination system
--3.4.4 扫盲运动与高考 Literacy campaign and college entrance examination
--3.4.5 中国现代教育体系 China's modern education system
--3.4.6 国际教育交流与合作 International educational exchange and cooperation
--小测验Quiz
-4.1 文学欣赏 Literary Appreciation
--4.1.1 《诗经》和《离骚》Book of Songs and Li Sao
--4.1.2 诸子散文 Philosophical Prose
--4.1.3 唐诗宋词 Chinese Tangsong Poetics
--4.1.4 四大名著 Four Masterpieces
--4.1.5 中国现代文学 Modern Chinese Literature
--4.1.6 中国当代文学 Contemporary Chinese Literature
--小测验 Quiz
-4.2 音乐欣赏 Music Appreciation
--4.2.1 中国传统音乐与乐器 Traditional Chinese Music and Musical Instruments
--4.2.2 中国古典十大名曲 Ten Famous Classical Chinese Songs
--4.2.3 五彩缤纷的现代音乐 Colorful Modern Music
--小测验 Quiz
-4.3 戏曲欣赏 Opera Appreciation
--4.3.2 豫剧和其他地方戏 Henan Opera and Other Local Operas
--4.3.3 皮影戏和样板戏 Shadow Play and Model Play
--小测验 Quiz
-4.4 书画欣赏 Appreciation of Painting and Calligraphy
--4.4.1 文房四宝及书体 Four Treasures of Study and Calligraphy Style
--4.4.2 书法艺术习成及名家名作 Calligraphy and Masterpieces
--4.4.3 中国画的工具及分类 Tools and Classification of Chinese Painting
--4.4.4 中国绘画名家名作 Famous Works of Chinese Painters
--4.4.5 中国书画艺术思想 The artistic Thought of Chinese Painting and Calligraphy
--小测验 Quiz
-4.5 影视欣赏 Film Appreciation
--4.5.3 20世纪90年代至今中国电影欣赏 Chinese film appreciation since 1990s
--小测验 Quiz
-4.6 武术欣赏 Chinese Martial Arts Appreciation
--4.6.1 中国武术的源流与发展 The Origin and Development of Chinese Martial Arts
--4.6.2 中国武术流派 Chinese Martial Arts schools
--4.6.3 十八般武器 18 Weapons of Martial Arts
--4.6.4 中国武术文化欣赏 Appreciation of Chinese Martial Arts Culture
--小测验 Quiz
-5.1 源远流长的古代中外交流 Ancient exchanges between China and foreign countries
--5.1源远流长的古代中外交流 Ancient exchanges between China and foreign countries
-5.2 丰富多彩的现代中外交流 Rich and colorful modern exchanges between China and foreign countries
--5.2 丰富多彩的现代中外交流 Rich and colorful modern exchanges between China and foreign countries
-小测验 Quiz
-期末考试 Final Examination
--期末考试 Final Examination